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Standout Entries
We highlight a number of standout entries from each of the past seasons of NASA's Astrophoto Challenge. Click through the image thumbnails below to read expert feedback to participants from NASA scientists.
MicroObservatory ChallengeNASA Challenge
MicroObservatory Challenge
Choose from past seasons of the MicroObservatory Challenge below.
See standout entries for
the NASA Data
Challenge
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The Remnant of Wonders by Ada L.
Chandra
Ada has created a uniquely spooky rendition of CasA. Clever use of contrast showcases the tendrils of gas and dust, and the splashes of color highlight the parts of the nebula emitting the most X-rays. The embossed grayscale nature of the image is reminiscent of a skeleton – delightfully appropriate for the remnant of a dead star!
(A) chandra by Adita S.
Chandra
This is a unique take on the X-ray data that looks highly textured, almost like a bas relief carving or a map. It’s a very creative representation!
Large Arrays - Spaceway by Anaya R.
the Very Large Array
In Anaya’s treatment of the VLA data for Cass A, you really get a sense of the negative space i.e. the large cavities that exist within the supernova remnant. It offers a new way of looking at the object while emphasizing the jagged and spindly-like nature of brightest structures within it.
Firesky woah by Andrew W.
MicroObservatory
Andrew's processing of his MicroObservatory image and selection of the "firesky" color palette succeeds in bringing out faint features. I can even pick out the faint signature of Cassiopeia A, near top-center of the image. To see another example, see the MicroObservatory Team's contribution.
Elemental Symphony by Atul V.S.
Chandra, Hubble, NuSTAR
Atul has developed a color palette for Cas A that is deeply appealing while making it easy for an engaged viewer to pick out the different elemental contributions to the nebula by their distinctive colors. I’m particularly delighted with the use of colors that complement one another, giving the overall composition a unique visual identity.
Violet Storm by Catherine L.
Chandra, Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope, the Very Large Array
This image shows an interesting use of color to highlight specific features in within the ejecta of Cas A. There may be some hard clipping of the Hubble image, leading to very sharply defined stars and some nebula features, but this also allows more subtle color variations in blue and purple to show through. I also greatly appreciate the intention of mapping colors to the visible spectrum as this is perhaps one of the most important aspects of creating an image that is both informative and aesthetically beautiful.
Celestial Canvas of Cassiopeia A by Dipak N.
MicroObservatory
Dipak's aim to highlight the star field is truly successful. In this MicroObservatory image, the multitude of stars really stands out, providing an expansive view of the universe around Cassiopeia A.
light between dark by Dong Gyeong Y.
Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope, MicroObservatory
This artistic contribution is a composite that mixes Hubble, Webb, and MicroObservatory images. I am impressed with Dong's ability to separate out each telescope by color choices.
A14DANF by Fatemeh K.
Chandra, Hubble
This is a gorgeous exploration of how elements are scattered throughout a supernova remnant. Fatemeh has showcased the various elements visible in X-ray using different colors, and has gone on to use multiple frames to highlight how different elements show up in different kinds of light. The glow of the background stars provides a warm reminder that these elements were once housed in a star, and may go on to become part of another star in the future. A beautiful combination of art and science!
Fire and Ice by Gabby T.
Chandra, Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope
This is a fantastic composition that very effectively demonstrates the importance of multi-wavelength astronomy, not to mention showcases the beauty of Cas A. The detailed description of choices made in processing the image shows a commitment to understanding and communicating intricate details of the supernova remnant. The intentional use of color to create a “fire and ice” aesthetic, although it deviates from a purely chromatic approach to color, produces an evocative final image. Well done!
Aurora Corealis by Kaitlyn G.
JWST: Webb Space Telescope, the Very Large Array
I like the color selection in this image, which effectively highlights various features of the remnant structure observed through JWST and the Very Large Array. Kaitlyn skillfully correlated the distribution of the diffuse emission in the remnant with the intricate details of the sharp features detected, revealing the underlying structure of shocks and stellar debris.
First sight of a supernova by Laura J.
Chandra
Laura presents an excellent example of how Chandra enables observers to visualize, among other things, the energy distribution in Cas A. This information is crucial, as Cas A serves as a unique laboratory for studying the physical processes that occur after the collapse of the stellar core. By assigning different RGB colors to images across various wavelength bands, Laura successfully illustrates that the forward and reverse shocks, shown in red, are the primary features contributing to emission in the high-energy range, while the dense ejecta structures, rich in iron and highlighted in blue, mainly emit in the low-energy domain detected by Chandra.
Elemental Bonanza by Lhevy G.
Chandra, Hubble, MicroObservatory, NuSTAR
Lhevy has chosen a high-contrast palette that emphasizes the areas where emission is the brightest, creating a bold visual with pleasantly-saturated colors. This saturation is a natural outcome of the minimal overlap between the different elements present in this expanding cloud, helping the viewer to instantly see how they occupy very different locations in space.
Blazing stars by Liam S.
Chandra, Hubble, the Very Large Array
Liam has combined various wavelengths of light to highlight the many ways in which stars blaze. The diffuse gas and dust structures of Cas A, our exploded star, glow bright and take center stage, while the surrounding stars still in the prime of their lives shine in front of and through the nebula. The contrasting colors show the different kinds of light – and reveal that sometimes the same kind of light shines from both live and dead stars!
11.000 Years Before by Mehmet Hakan O
JWST: Webb Space Telescope
It is clear Mehmet has a deep understanding of how astronomical image processing is used for outreach purposes. The selection and color assignment of the NIRCam filters come together beautifully to enhance the separation between the brightly colored filaments and the bluish-white surrounding haze. The filaments themselves are diverse and colorful in nature showcasing the fine structure contributed by each filter. It takes much care to achieve a well color-balanced image while pushing the color separation and detail on a tricky dataset such as this.
Telescope scales for Cas A by MicroObservatory Team
MicroObservatory, Hubble, Chandra
This Animated Gif, created by the MicroObservatory Team, shows how Cassiopeia A fits into the MicroObservatory telescope's field of view. This image was created by using the "Auto Align" tool with MicroObservatory (grayscale), Hubble (red), and Chandra (blue) data, and then "Blending" and "Blinking" the results. You can see how the Cas A Supernova Remnant is just barely visible in MicroObservatory's ground-based view. The NASA space telescope data is reduced to the same scale as MicroObservatory in this animation.
StellarWanderlust by Mintamarie S.
JWST: Webb Space Telescope, the Very Large Array
I am struck by the ethereal beauty of this composition – seeing the delicate layers of Cas A flowing in a whole new way with subtle color variations from soothing reds/oranges/purples to complimentary contrasting greens and yellows. This image is as much an experience in internal reflection as it is a representation of an astronomical object which is a place that astronomical images can sometimes take us. Thank you for taking us on this journey!
The Flight of Marpesia Corrina by RK Rishabh
JWST: Webb Space Telescope
This image is well tuned to show the detail of both the bright and faint parts of the nebula, without adding the noise at the bottom of the scale. The inferno color choice is thematically appropriate for an explosion like this as well!
Starry Night by Samantha W.
Chandra, JWST: Webb Space Telescope
Samantha has really nailed the stretch in their rendition of Cass A. The bright, yellow filaments within the supernova remnant stand out beautifully against the more tenuous purple haze, allowing us to appreciate the structure and varying density across the celestial object as well as its contours against the dark background.
Hubble, X-ray, and titanium by Shay G.
Chandra, Hubble, NuSTAR
This colorful image is a treasure trove of scientific data! The rainbow of hues showcases how data from different telescopes, in this case, Chandra, Hubble, NuSTAR, are sensitive to different types of gas and different processes of emission. Representations like this help astronomers unravel the mysteries of stellar evolution and the creation of heavy elements that are essential for forming new stars, planets, and even life itself.
Surreal by Shivi M.
Chandra, Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope, NuSTAR, the Very Large Array
Wow, what an incredible image! This vibrant picture of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A skillfully brings together X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio observations to create a cosmic masterpiece. The selection of colors used to represent the diverse elements and shock processes is superb. The image is a window into the violent and beautiful processes that shape our universe, giving us a glimpse into the life cycle of stars and the dynamic nature of space.
Cas-A-VIRX (Cassiopeia-A in Visible, Infrared, Radio & X-Ray) by Siddharth P.
Chandra, Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope, the Very Large Array
Siddharth,
What a calming image of Cassiopeia A. I love the color palette of blues, whites, and purples. By bringing up the levels of the outer gases, you've created a view of the extent of the supernova remnant and showed how the supernova affected the dust and gas beyond the X-ray blastwave. The brightest gases in white draws your eyes to those structures.
You've done a wonderful job on this image. I hope you continue in your exploration of science and art!
Cosmic Art by Swapnasish G.
Chandra, Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope
Swapnasish,
Wow! This is an amazing image! I love how you used all of the data in this image. It's great that you were able to use the breakdown of the elements to bring out the science in Cas A. The colors jump out and the yellow and greens compliment the blues/purples.
Great job! If you are interested, NASA has a micro Observatory. This is a robotic observatory that anyone can use to observe objects. Here's the link: https://mo-www.cfa.harvard.edu/MicroObservatory/
I hope you continue with your interest in science and astronomy.
Galactic Fireworks: What's left of Cassiopeia A by Tanisha A.
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Hubble, MicroObservatory
I find Tanisha's creation very artistic. By starting with MicroObservatory, then adding on top the Hubble image, like a collage, it adds a stellar landscape to a famous view of Cassiopeia A.
Ghost of Cassiopeia by Victoria S.
Chandra, Hubble, JWST: Webb Space Telescope
I was truly impressed by the color selection in this image, which seamlessly combines observations from Chandra, Hubble, and JWST. Victoria aimed to create a ghost-like appearance, and she certainly succeeded, but I believe she achieved much more! She brilliantly highlighted the distribution of ejecta rich in heavy elements using the 'inferno' color palette, while embedding it in a delicate network of shocks shown in light blue. The result is an incredibly captivating image of Cas A!
Hubble and X-ray by Yang P.
Chandra, Hubble, NuSTAR
Yang has chosen a visually interesting way to combine contributions from different parts of the spectrum where the finer details in the Hubble data stand out sharply from the multicolor x-ray palette. It draws the eye in to the sharp optical details while emphasizing how they reflect a very different structure than the colorful high energy bands.
Combined energy levels by Yeshan M. H. I.
Chandra
This image does a wonderful job capturing the awe-inspiring remnant of a supernova explosion. The vibrant colors — including fiery yellows and deep greens — create a mesmerizing tapestry against the dark backdrop of space. The intricate patterns and glowing strands of light tell a story of both destruction and creation, as the materials ejected from the supernova will eventually form new stars and planets. It’s like witnessing a fireworks display put on for us by the Universe!
RGB Cassiopeia by Zaine B.
Hubble
This image pushes the brightness to the limits, showing every bit of the nebula that Hubble detected as well as some very faint detector artefacts in the shape of figure-8s which are caused by bright stars.
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Psychedelic Nova by Alex S.
Hubble
"Alex found a dramatic color palette to use to really highlight the features seen in the Hubble data of the Crab Nebula. With the careful adjustment of background levels, all attention goes to the nebula without getting distracted by the edges of the data frames."
Cosmic Fireworks by Alli P.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & XMM-Newton
"I love the way the pulsar wind nebula in blue fills the entire inner cavity of the ejecta filaments in this image. It very nicely shows the correlated morphology between the pulsar wind and the ejecta, demonstrating that these two components evolve together and shape each other."
Cotton candy crabula by Amber R.
Hubble & JWST
"Amber found a very creative way to use color to achieve an appealing artistic effect. Indeed it is not hard to see it as an astrophysical spool of cotton candy as suggested by the chosen title!"
Splendor by Aniya J.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & MicroObservatory
"This entry was outstanding. The visualizer decided to use complementary colors for combining the different wavelengths and then used the X-ray in white to make the image pop! I love seeing the Optical Crab peeking out behind the pulsar's accretion disk. Overall, this was a great way to combine the data and create a pleasing image."
Neurological Vortex by Breanna C.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST
"This image beautifully captures the intricate details and the spatial extent of the ejecta filaments, while also showing the detailed structure of the pulsar wind torus. It is especially interesting to see the spatial differences between high-energy Chandra synchrotron emission shown in blue and the lower energy synchrotron emission highlighted by the two JWST images that blend together to create the yellowish glow."
Watermelon Crab Nebula Juxaposition by Dylan W.
MicroObservatory
"This is quite a fun rendition of the Crab Nebula! By overlapping two images of the nebula, one highly zoomed in, it seems like the Crab is jumping off the screen, claws extended. The use of contrast nicely shows the shape of the supernova remnant, as well as making the surrounding stars pop out. The colorful pixelation looks like something out of a 90's video game, turning space into cyberspace."
The Purple-Flamed Night by Ela C.
Chandra
"This rendering of the Crab's wind nebula is stunning! I really like the choice of the ‘inferno’ color palette. It does capture the dynamic energy of the swirling 'tornados' along the jets and the inflated, radiant torus emerges as a golden ring of fire."
Fire Wish by Elisa M.
Chandra
"I really love the use of colors here. The X-ray image of the Crab Pulsar is often represented in blue, purple, or white tones. The red/orange palette does invoke the idea of a fire swirling in space. By focusing on one wavelength, the visualizer brought the viewer's attention to the details of the pulsar, the accretion disk, and the pulsar jets. Even without motion, this image captures the movement as the pulsar spins."
Ghost by Emily S.
Chandra & Hubble & XMM-Newton
"This submission is an excellent example of multiwavelength image processing that lets the viewer see the individual contributions of multiple bands of light across a wide wavelength range. The Crab Nebula is fascinating and seeing it processed this way puts it into a different context. The high-energy inner core glows brightly in light blue X-rays from Chandra, which is balanced by the lower energies of ultraviolet light from XMM in magenta. The eerie blue glow of the outer ejecta material shows the progression from higher to lower energies across the nebula. This is a captivating image!"
Crab by Evelyn K.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST
"This version of the Crab Nebula uses stark color contrast to showcase the various parts of this supernova remnant. The brilliant green highlights the filaments of dust and gas from the star's explosion, while the central white showcases the winds spinning around the pulsar. In the background, the red-violet wisps hint at the wider reaches of the pulsar winds. The positioning of the different layers makes the filamentary structure seem to loom in foreground, as if a crab has snatched up the pulsar in its claws. A striking – and rather haunting – image!"
Oceanus Crab_Hubble by Jayci W.
Hubble
"Jayci’s decision to invert the image is very effective at highlighting the inner spindly structure of the crab. The sensitive stretch also defines the shape of the crab very well, really showcasing the outward motion of the gas and dust and distinguishing it from the surrounding space."
Crab Nebula by Keegan O.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & XMM-Newton
"This image beautifully displays the intricate filaments emerging in UV-Optical-Infrared observations. I like the ethereal rendering of the X-ray emission that seems to illuminate the filamentary structures from the inside and provide a ghostly backbone, effortlessly supporting the whole remnant."
Space Explosion by Kelsie K.
Hubble & JWST
"Kelsie’s colorful treatment of the Crab nicely captures the powerful forces that drive such a nebula; it really make it feel energetic and in motion. The color choice also helps to distinguish different regions of the nebula contrasting the dense dust from the tenuous gas and bright stars."
Leena's Crab Nebula by Leena K.
MicroObservatory
"This is an artistic mosaic of MicroObservatory's view of the Crab Nebula. The different color schemes each pick out subtly different details – both in the supernova remnant and in the surrounding sky – showcasing the importance of image processing methods in revealing the universe. The sharp contrast in the bottom right tile particularly highlights the crab-like structure, combining art and science to create a colorful patchwork of this exploded star."
The Singularity by Majd A.
Chandra
"Majd's contribution is very artistic. Because the same Chandra X-ray image is mostly used, but different color maps and intensities are assigned, the resulting gif provides views into the multiple structures of Crab outlined in X-rays."
Nebular Fire by Mandy D.
Chandra & Hubble
"The colors chosen make the different parts of the nebula visually distinct, with the X-ray in milky white showing the synchrotron emission where charged particles are whipped around the pulsar’s magnetic fields at relativistic speeds. The Hubble images in rainbow clearly show the surrounding skeletal cage of material ejected from the supernova almost a thousand years ago."
The Crab Nebula through my favorite colors. by Maria E.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & XMM-Newton
"Maria’s understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum is evident in this image of the Crab. Her insight is apparent in the assignment of the various wavelengths which in paticular distinguish the energetic center of the Crab Nebula shown in blue from the cooler dust captured in the Infrared shown in red. These choices help give the viewer more scientific information behind the nebula beyond a pretty image."
The Crab Nebula: A fusion of x-ray and visible spectrum by Mayukh D.
Chandra & Hubble
"This is a gorgeous, and rather dreamy, rendition of the Crab Nebula! The brilliant warm colors really bring out the beauty and detail in the pulsar wind nebula, while the fading blue gives a mysterious feel to the filaments of gas and dust. I find the variation in brightness quite intriguing – what would normally be visible to our eyes is given a dimmer palette, while what is usually invisible shines strong."
Crab Nebula by Nathan O.
Chandra & Hubble
"Nathan’s version of the Crab Nebula feels alive! The glowing red of the x-ray looks like a beating heart, which actually helps illustrate the mechanism driving the nebula. The blue and red color contrast as well as the inversion all help to clearly differentiate the structure of the nebula against the background of space."
How the invisible affects the visible by Nicole B.
Chandra & Hubble
"I'm captivated by the color palettes used in this image. They vividly convey the distinct "temperatures" of various emission components, with X-rays carrying higher energy levels (and thus being hotter) compared to the optical radiation."
Grab by O. Valentîne"s
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MicroObservatory
"O. VALENTÍNE'S submission is an excellent example of the challenges of observing faint objects with ground-based telescopes. The beautiful color palette chosen not only highlights the Crab Nebula, but also the stray light in the sky that creates the visually interesting gradient of color in the lower right of the image."
The Crab Nebula's Purple Glory by Rhaina B.
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MicroObservatory
"Rhaina's excellent MicroObservatory contribution evokes a sense of scale and solitude. The Crab Nebula, albeit vast, sits alone amongst a vast sea of stars."
Crab Nebula Multiple Wavelength(Blending) Image by Tanmoy B.
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Chandra & Hubble & JWST
"This image does a great job of highlighting the central pulsar wind nebula, where charged particles are whipped around magnetic fields at relativistic speeds, surrounded by a skeletal cage of material ejected from the supernova almost a thousand years ago. The final result is electric."
Green Pulse by Will S.
Hubble & XMM-Newton
"This is a very striking view of the Crab Nebula that highlights the brightest regions of the pulsar wind torus and the ejecta filaments. I like how the contrasting magenta and green colors nicely separate the pulsar wind and ejecta components. The choice of colors and saturation make this a very unique image."
Crab Nebula by Yang P.
Chandra
"Wow! This entry really stands out with the bright color palette! It almost feels like the purple X-ray Jet is going to jump out of the image towards the viewer. This blending has created incredible depth to this image, highlighting the tilt of the pulsar and accretion disk. What a creative use of color!"
Position of Pulsar's ejected matters by Yeshan M. H. I.
MicroObservatory
"This pixel art version of the Crab Nebula has a texture that makes the outlying regions visible."
Crab Nebula 302 by Zoe P.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & XMM-Newton
"This is a fascinating combination of color choices and image stretches. I love the transition from the high energy, brilliant blue inner core of the Crab’s pulsar wind nebula to the faint, green to red tendrils of ejecta material surrounding the outer regions of the nebula. This color combination really emphasizes the energy transitions across the nebula from the beating heart pulsar in the core all the way to the outer regions of cooling stellar material. Nicely done! "
Watermelon Sky by Addison C.
JWST
"I really enjoy the artistic choices Addison made to the Webb mid-infrared data. By zooming into the center of the Phantom Galaxy and choosing the watermelon color palette, Addison brings out the warm dust to create a fun and vibrant image."
Spiraling Into Infinity by Aidan M.
MicroObservatory & Hubble
"I love the creativity employed in creating this image which is readily apparent in the description of the process. It’s fun to think that these image artifacts which I spend a good deal of time trying to eliminate from images can spark inventive creativity and help drive the image processing decisions that can lead to a whole new view of this familiar target."
The Phantom's Core by Airone P.
Hubble
"I love the color contrast of this image, emphasizing star forming regions in red, while allowing the brilliant core of the Phantom to shine brightly. The spiral dust lanes of the galaxy take on an eerie shadowy quality here befitting of this galaxy’s ghostly name!"
Phantom Galaxy by Alan M.
Spitzer
"The creator of this image does a wonderful job of mixing their passion for astronomy and medicine with an Andy Warhol aesthetic. It is fascinating to view and compare the features of the galaxy in various colors, such as the intense star-forming regions that appear black in one image and bright blue in another, but notable in each. They also successfully highlight the neuron-like quality of the spindly arms and the intersection between astronomy and microbiology as well as patterns that seem to appear in each."
Phantom Galaxy across the Spectrum by Amirreza K.
JWST & Hubble
"By combining JWST and HST, this image perfectly and beautifully demonstrates the connection between gas and star formation on the spiral arms. It has also captured how stars destroy their natal gas to form bubbles in space."
Crimson Hearth by Amy H.
Hubble & MicroObservatory
"I love the way this rendition of the galaxy shows off the dark features against the light. I can see many dark ‘feathers’, made up of dust and gas, extending radially outwards in each spiral arm. This view also highlights the separation between the inner and outer portion of the spiral arms, because it suppresses the diffuse light of the disk - very cool!"
Chiaroscuro by Arsh V.
Spitzer & XMM-Newton
"Good choices! The XMM-Newton image shows where the hotter gas is, closer to the center of the galaxy as you found, while the Spitzer image shows where the cooler gas is further from the middle of the galaxy, creating a nice contrast."
Messier 74 by Aryanna M.
Spitzer & XMM-Newton
"The scaling of this infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope brings out the fainter features of the dust in the galaxy’s spiral arms, including bubbles and cavities where new star formation and supernovae have pushed dust away."
Phantom No More; Visualize one of the most mysterious galaxies of the Universe by Bhavika G.
MicroObservatory
"Bhavika's treatment of the Phantom Galaxy provides great context for its place in the sky. The subtle application of colors hints at the mysteries held within the Phantom Galaxy."
The Greenway by Emilio T.
XMM-Newton & Spitzer & Chandra
"This unique composition does an excellent job of turning structures in the dusty spiral arms into new forms based on the data. The result looks almost like a coastline map, yet is still clearly identifiable as a spiral galaxy."
cosmic Swirl by Emma M.
Hubble
"The color palette of this image really works- starting from a bright sunset orange in the center of the galaxy that fades into a more bluish-purple further out. The color choices really help differentiate the cooler dust regions of the galaxy from the bright, orange tinted stars."
Stone Mold of the Phantom Galaxy by Ethan C.
Spitzer
"Scientifically, the image does a wonderful job of presenting fine structures in the galaxy that would be minimized by many processing techniques. Artistically, it's a gem. It simplifies the data into something reminiscent of an ancient stone carving."
Hubble, JWST, Spitzer and M74 by Harsimran K.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & Spitzer
"I really appreciate the applicant’s ambition to combine all varies wavelengths into one image. Their efforts pay off with a dynamic color palette and a galaxy which really pops with a bright glowing center that satisfyingly tapers off into a dark field of stars."
Phantom Galaxy by Inesh G.
XMM-Newton
"The contrasting color choices you used really bring out the clumps of stars present in the galaxy's spiral arms and galactic bulge! Nice job!"
Cosmic Phantasm by Itzabella B.
Hubble & JWST
"This image combines optical and infrared data into a fantastical rendition of the Phantom Galaxy. The use of contrast – sharper near the center, blurring as we move outwards – along with the brilliant colors, gives the image a floaty vibe. This combines with scientific detail, showing off the galaxy's dust lanes and star-forming regions in a glowing dreamscape."
Spiral Carnival by KarthiKeyan Y.
JWST
"KarthiKeyan really brings out the central dusty spirals of the Phantom Galaxy in this image, titled "Spiral Carnival". The use of red with a very dark background does a great job of drawing the eye to the spectacular structures in the spiral arms."
Cosmic Swirl by Kristine T.
Hubble & JWST
"Kristine's "Cosmic Swirl" is a great example of how Hubble and Webb observations support each other. Kristine does a great job emphasizing the structures of the Phantom Galaxy with Hubble data while also bringing out the swirling dust lanes with Webb data."
Alex by Laura M.
JWST
"This image uses fewer colors than many entries, resulting in a contrasting image that really brings the Phantom Galaxy's details to life! The fiery outcome accentuates the galaxy's super bubbles, as well as the web-like structures present in the galaxy's spiral arms."
RG Webb by Margareth C.
JWST
"This image really demonstrates there is gas everywhere in M74, both structured into wispy filamentary features and a more diffuse background. By having a lower intensity red also beautifully emphasis the large stellar nurseries embedded within the gas."
Extraordinary Sighting- The Phantom Galaxy(M74) by Melanie Z.
Hubble
"The vibrant colors used in this image introduce an energetic element into a galaxy which is often presented as dark and brooding. Stars packed tightly together — making up the galactic bulge at the galaxy's center — are accentuated in this beautiful and glowing presentation."
Phantom Galaxy(M74) by Michael L.
Hubble
"I really like the way this image highlights the spiral patterns present in the Phantom galaxy, the dark dust spirals and light blue spirals made up of young massive stars (so a very appropriate color !). The contrast also shows off the rich population of stellar clusters, the bright sources that found throughout this galaxy which have been the subject of many published, scientific papers."
Phantom Galaxy by Miguel M.
JWST
"The cool colors of this composition really emphasize the “phantom” part of the Phantom Galaxy. These colors yield an eerie view of the heart of this galaxy that leaves me wanting to learn more! Nice work!"
Enigmatic Elegance: Capturing the Phantom Galaxy (M74) by Miraan V.
MicroObservatory
"This is a beautiful rendition of MicroObservatory's view of the Phantom Galaxy. The participant's use of contrast brings out the spiral arms, and the fiery color choice showcases the dazzling center of the galaxy. A simple yet elegant image!"
Phantom Magma Galaxy by Murillo S.
MicroObservatory
"This image does a nice job of bringing out the detail in the outer disk without swamping the bright inner regions of the galaxy."
Webs of the Phantom by Muskan C.
Chandra & JWST & XMM-Newton
"Great choice of wavelengths as they highlight very different astrophysics! Perhaps counterintuitively, yellow/red colors are produced by cool objects and blue/purple colors are produced by hot ones. This is what your image shows, the yellow color traces the cool dust in the galaxy, and the blue color shows where the hot gas around black holes and neutron stars is."
Fiery & Radiant Rage by Nihaar J.
MicroObservatory & Chandra & JWST & Hubble
"The contrast between the Infrared and the X-Ray in this image is super effective and engaging and the stretch in the Webb data perfectly highlights the brightest regions where the star-forming regions are. I also think it was a great choice to bring back the stars which are absent in the Chandra and Webb data using the Hubble and MicroObservatory images."
Phantom Galaxy by Owen P.
JWST & Hubble
"This combination of filters pulls out some often neglected features of the Phantom galaxy, namely its central regions. Here, we see the faint yellow glow of the bulge (basically a bunch of low-mass, old stars) and the point like nucleus, along with the inner portions of each spiral arm . It would be fun to increase the JWST 7.7 emission a include a bit more of the contribution from the interstellar medium."
Unbounded Blue by Prajvala M.
Chandra & JWST & Hubble
"What a hauntingly gorgeous view of the Phantom Galaxy! The participant's skillful use of color and contrast showcases the "bubbly" formations in the dust lanes swirling around a glowing center. The green peppering of X-ray data highlights energetic neutron stars and black holes, and adds a startling pop of brightness. A wonderful combination of science and art!"
Bright Lights by Rebecca C.
Chandra & JWST & Hubble & MicroObservatory & XMM-Newton
"This is a very interesting composition using many different kinds of light, croppings, and alignments to create something that almost feels like an out of body experience."
Phantom Galaxy by Reza K.
JWST & Hubble
"This is fantastic work combining different wavelengths of light together to tell a more complete story of star formation. That you were inspired by the research behind star formation to highlight different features like the super bubble is amazing! Well done!"
RAINBOW in space by Riddhi G.
JWST
"I am impressed with Riddhi's application of color to the Webb infrared data. It looks like an oil painting, while retaining the core data that highlights the dynamic and turbulent nature of the Phantom Galaxy."
Hidden In The Cosmic Abyss by Rohan P.
JWST
"The contrast adjustments in this image really help to sharpen and bring out the smaller scale structures in this image enhancing the wispy and tendril-like nature of the MIRI. I also really enjoy the complementary nature of the bright yellow regions which fades into a dark purple abyss; it is a very a mesmerizing image too look at and explore!"
The Symphony of Fire and Ice by Shashwat S.
JWST & MicroObservatory
"This gorgeous spiral showcases the tendrils of dust swirling around the Phantom Galaxy. Infrared light is known for showing hot objects, and the choice of a fiery color palette to represent JWST's infrared signal emphasizes this. The JWST data seems to be leaping off the page, flying in front of the wider-field MicroObservatory data in the background. Juxtaposing these two datasets really highlights how far we have come, from small ground-based telescopes to large space-based observatories."
PhantomGalaxy_M74_IndianStudent by Shayana G.
Hubble
"This is very nice work! The main image is balanced well to show details down to the bright core of the galaxy, while we can still see some details extending into the outer arms. The addition of an inset to provide more detail in the core of the galaxy is a very nice touch."
cool by Trez M.
Hubble & JWST
"This is a striking look at the Phantom galaxy in two different kinds of light. The participant has artfully processed visible-light data in turquoise, with infrared in a contrasting magenta. The side-by-side view of the two types of light, instead of an aligned overlap, makes it seem like they have pulled apart the layers of the galaxy, allowing for closer examination of the scraggly dust lanes. Overall, a very cool image!"
The Dreamer by Victoria S.
Hubble & JWST & MicroObservatory
"This draws an interesting contrast between the higher resolution space-based data and the wider view of the ground-based observatory."
Oasis on fire by Weronika B.
JWST
"This image beautifully illustrates the delicate gas structures revealed by JWST imaging. The yellow also unveils where the dense gas is bursting with star formation. The choice of colours used are the most unique and striking combination of colours I've seen used for M74"
Phantom Galaxy by Yang P.
Chandra & Hubble & JWST & Spitzer & XMM-Newton
"Matching up varying datasets at different scales is no easy task though it really helps differentiate different structures within the galaxies. I really enjoy the contrast between the bright stars within the spiral arms and the purple that sweeps through showing off the hidden structure of the galaxy."
UV Fluctuated M74 by Yeshan M. H. I.
XMM-Newton
"Very nice, this image shows both where the bright ultraviolet sources are, as well as the low surface brightness UV giving a good idea about the overall distribution of stars and gas in the galaxy."
Eagle Nebula by Adam D.
MicroObservatory
"It is refreshing to see the pillars presented in this way. The ground based MicroObservatory data gives us a much wider field of view of the Eagle Nebula, and helps illustrate why this nebula got its name! The processing choices here do a good job of taking monochromatic content and using color and brightness settings to offset and highlight the glow of the nebula from the surrounding darkness. I like the choice of color map here which suggests a burning cauldron of star formation is contained within which is exactly what we see in the higher resolution images provide by Webb and Hubble."
Eagle Nebula by Aditya C.
Chandra & Hubble
"Aditya has created an amazing phantasmagorical image of the Eagle Nebula using X-rays and optical data from Chandra and Hubble. The optical image is presented in a way that is not common in astronomical images, making it gloomy but unique. The background stars unveiled by the X-ray emission gives the impression of hidden jewels. Truly an exciting image to look at."
Eagle Nebula by Amelia M.
Spitzer
"In this image, Amelia was most interested in highlighting the well-known "Pillars of Creation" while making sure to keep the other surrounding structures in view. She did an excellent job focusing on the brightest features and drawing the eye right to the spectacular pillars found here, while keeping enough of the fainter dust in view to show how they all connected, as part of a larger nebula."
Chirp in Space by Anika J.
Herschel & Spitzer & Chandra
"Anika created a nice image to illustrate how stars heat up the dust and molecules in the interstellar medium to produce its glow. The colours in this is purple haze version of the Carina Nebula were carefully selected to disclose a mix of fireworks by combining X-ray and IR data."
Purple Rain by Anna S.
JWST & Hubble & MicroObservatory
"I love how the dust of the Eagle Nebula is black, yet the infraRed of the stars pour through. Sharpening the stars is something that is often missed as people focus on the dark/dust matter that make up the nebula. I love the color scheme, as I love Prince too! By adding the purple rainbow filter, you also highlight the edges of the nebula and isolate it from the background/foreground colors."
E.T.'s Palette by Avni M.
JWST & Hubble
"The color choices in this image are immediate striking! I'm particularly drawn to the glowing green gas near the center of the image and how that contrasts with the blue haze around it. I see a lot of intention behind the processing of this image and appreciate the painterly eye of the processor. It appears that one of the bands in this image may not be matched in size and orientation to others (I think it's the red) which creates an interesting effect in the image but I wonder if that was an intentional choice. Either way, this is a very evocative image of an iconic region of space!"
The Sun Flower by Brittany B.
JWST
"This is an interesting and different way to look at part of these data. Webb's 6-sided mirrors can indeed give the stars a "flower" look, and this treatment really brings that out."
Blue-Green Veins by Brockton
Herschel
"It's nice to see the Herschel data get such focus, they give a unique larger view of the cold dust of the star forming region and this treatment really highlights the larger structures within that cloud."
Ocean of Stars by Cameron E.
Hubble
"Beautiful! I like how the blue color adds a calming ethereal tone to the Hubble image. I think processing the image to draw out the added noise around the edges provides an interesting aesthetic, almost like an old photograph."
Pillars of Creation by Chang S.
Hubble
"I love how the hot gas is highlighted in blue, while the colder dust is shown in reds. The dark pillars against the whispy gas looks haunting, and one really gets an impression that the pillars are almost evaporating into the mist."
Stellar Skyscrapers by Christina D.
Hubble
"Christina has done a wonderful job of combining art and science in this image – mixing red, green, and blue filters to create a softly-glowing multicolor view of the Pillars of Creation. With creative use of contrast, the artist brings out the shadowy shapes of the dust clouds beautifully, but still allows the stars to glimmer through. We can examine the various scientific structures of the nebula, all while enjoying the majesty of the Pillars."
Pillars of Creation by E and N
Hubble
"Excellent work! The processing on this Hubble data really brings out the diffuse gas outside of the pillars. The orange color gives an aesthetic like that of a nice sunset."
Pillars of Creation by Ela C.
Spitzer
"Ela has chosen a fiery palette to accentuate the infrared data in this region, while carefully processing the data to show the full glow of dust in this nebula without clipping it unnaturally to black. This kind of rendering really allows you to focus on the many features throughout the darkest regions of this dataset, letting us see that they are delightfully filled with structures that might otherwise be missed."
An Eagle flapping its wings through creation by Hansrudh G.
MicroObservatory
"The Eagle Nebula is a relatively dim object as seen through MicroObservatory. Hansrudh has painstakingly blended multiple images, taken great care to remove noise, and found balance in the light and color levels, creating an image that showcases the shapes and science of this object. The different colors of the stars shine through, showing their varying ages and temperatures. The red marks the hydrogen-filled cloud, and we can just make out the Pillars of Creation at the heart of the Eagle. An excellent example of what skillful image processing can do!"
Beyond by Izabela M.
JWST
"Izabela has showcased the pillars of creation as we have never seen them before! The cold color palette evokes a sense of distance and captures the vastness, foreignness, and wonder of space while also showcasing the myriad of stars that are seen in the near-infrared."
Pillars of Creation by Jaxon S.
JWST & Hubble
"A very clever selection of colors and processing for the iconic M16 Pillars image. The ""doppler effect"" idea has tremendous resonance with astronomers since indeed in JWST we are using Instrument Field Units (IFUs) to capture simultaneously the velocity and physical information of the astronomical scenes." ""
Burning Pillars by Josh W.
JWST
"Fantastic contrast and color selection in this JWST NIRCam image; enhances the illuminated and dark regions (created by thick columns of interstellar dust), and shows also some of the faint wisps created by shocks from protostellar jets, a necessary process to form solar-like stars."
Orange sky at night by Kara R.
JWST
"Color plays such an important role in showcasing different details collected from each filter. Kara is able to emphasize these features through a very effective, complementary color scheme which beautifully differentiates the denser dust from the more tenuous gas and dust."
Kunal's Eagle Nebula by Kunal C.
Herschel & Spitzer & Chandra
"Wow. I love the bright color pallets used. The oranges and yellows are beautiful; combined with the purples makes a very striking image. The use of the larger field of view makes this a unique image by not just focusing on the Eagle Nebula. Bringing out the X-rays also makes this a wonderful use of multiple wavelengths."
Imaginarium by Luísa C.
Spitzer
"Luísa has chosen to highlight a single dataset in beautiful way by choosing a color palette that both resonated with her emotionally while doing an excellent job of balancing the brightest filaments and ridges against the darker, fainter structures. In images like this, choosing to focus on a single dataset can work effectively to show its many intricacies without them competing with elements seen in other parts of the spectrum."
The Rise and Fall of Creation by Maddy M.
JWST
"Wonderful work, Maddy! Your choice of color palettes (Viridis and Magma) and contrast setting really draws out the stars in these Webb datasets. Webb can observe so many stars, and you brought them out expertly in your image. I like how the pillars are like dark shadows in the background. Your image instills in me a sense of mystery."
Eagle's invisible wings by Mehmet Hakan O.
JWST
"Wow! This is a fantastic entry though I do notice in the comments that this image was prepared using data that were technically not included in the challenge, as well as software outside of the JS94L system used in the challenge. Nevertheless, the image processing here is superb, revealing the faintest details of the pillars while preserving detailed structures in the brightest portions of the nebula. The color choice is modeled after the official NASA release and produces a richly vibrant image with depth and dimension. Well done!"
Interstellar by Molka G.
Herschel & Hubble & JWST & Spitzer
"Molka was not afraid to show as a different view of the Eagle Nebula. Similar to 3D images, this amazing collage give us the opportunity to look at the same same object but in blue/red colour shades."
Luminous Pillars by Molly D.
Hubble
"A new presentation of a classic image. The RGB creation is very nice and the logarithmic stretching does a great job of bringing out some of the wispier parts of the Eagle Nebula. I really like the changes to make the colors pop a bit more and I feel that they increase the depth of the nebula. Very nice job."
Pillars of Creation by Nadia M.
JWST
"Getting a good stretch to see all the details and facets of an image in each filter is a huge part of making an impactful full-color image. It is clear Nadia has a good eye for showcasing these details and balancing the darkest regions with the brightest regions so you can get a great view of both!"
Thermograph by Paul Anton M.
JWST
"I have never seen this region rendered in this way before; the fade from red to blue across the image is very visually interesting, with the much hotter stars standing out against the background. The darker orange dust lanes cutting against the warmer yellow background remind me of Martian landscapes seen from space. This work shines artistically, like an abstract piece I could easily see hanging on my wall!"
Eagle Nebula by Sadie F.
Herschel
"Very poetic selection of colors. Scientifically I like it very much because in a glimpse one notices that the Pillars in M16 are part of a glowing cavity. This is due to the interstellar dust reacting (being heated) by the radiation and winds from the young stars illuminating the region."
FYE IMAGE by Simon S.
Spitzer
"Wonderful job Simon! Your choices of the inferno color palette, brightness limit, contrast, and bias really make the gas and dust stand out in this Spitzer infrared data of the Eagle Nebula. This does a great job of highlighting where the gas and dust still reside and where they have been eroded away by stars."
Stars out of Nursery by Sohini M.
MicroObservatory
"Excellent work in changing the brightness limits and stretch/contrast of the MicroObservatory image to pull out the faint nebula and bright stars! The rainbow color selection really makes the stars pop out of the image and separate from the Eagle Nebula."
Eagle Nebula by Yasmim Andrade D.
MicroObservatory & Spitzer & Chandra
"Yasmim artfully presents the structures of the Eagle Nebula, in stark contrast with the relative emptiness surrounding it. The balancing of highlights and shadows beautifully displays the multiple densities of matter, from the saturated areas glowing with heat and starlight, to the mottled dense clouds, to the wisps reaching out from the pillars into the darkness of space. The inclusion of the Chandra data adds visual interest with a pop of purple, while adding scientific depth by showcasing developing young stars. Beautiful combination of art and science!"
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"Advika’s interesting choices in processing this MIcroObservatory image of the Carina Nebula really brings out the contrast between the dark regions of the nebula and the bright regions around Eta Carinae. Advika also does a fabulous job with the color palette chosen; the wispy red nebula stands out in contrast to the darker dusty regions nearby."
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"Getting a true color image can be a challenge, but Angel achieved just that. The image feels very balanced chromatically where the background sky is effectively neutralized and the cores of the stars are white which make the image feel very natural and lovely to look at and enjoy."
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"Dana has done a nice job of balancing the bright star cores while also showing the faint emission of the Carina Nebula. I appreciate Dana’s recognition of the artistic side of image processing, seeking to emphasize a particular color in the image while maintaining detail."
"This is a really interesting perspective of the Carina Nebula. The inverted coloring, combined with the contrast and scaling, focuses our eyes on individual stars, making them easy to discern even amidst the dust of the nebula. Elizabeth has also displayed the nebula at a different angle from the original MicroObservatory image, underlining that fact that there is no “right way up” when it comes to space. This brilliantly blue image is a striking combination of both art and science."
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"What stands out to me in this beautiful image of the Carina Nebula is just how red the nebula appears, even when Hasan carefully balanced the red, green, and blue filters. Some of the red color is from glowing hydrogen gas in the nebula, and some of it is from dust blocking the bluest wavelengths from background stars.
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"Jayna, great job accentuating the dense regions of star formation in your image combining data from Chandra with MicroObservatory! There are more than 14,000 stars in this view, and your processing technique illustrates the locations of the most concentrated groups of stars very well!"
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"The colors chosen here are very vivid and distinctive. The overall effect is visually striking."
"This is a beautiful 3-color display of the Carina Nebula. Melding images using different color filters, Kenzo has highlighted the various gas clouds of the nebula, showing some to be much more dense than others. Eta Carinae shines white at the center from its strong presence in every filter, while stars of various hues glow throughout the nebula, each displaying a color based on its own composition. A stellar view combining both art and science!"
"This image does a great job aligning and balancing the colors to get the white balance of the stars accurately, and you can see how some of the stars start to appear orange behind the dust. The glow of the nebula combines with the dark dust to give a real sense of the 3-dimensional structure of this nebula!"
"Natasha has done an excellent job bringing out the full extent of this dataset, from the crisply bright clouds around Eta Carina to the fainter structures spilling beyond the edges of the observation. I like the way that this bright star stands out from the nebula. The choice of color palette is particularly strong, drawing the eye towards this bright star, but with a nice symbolic choice to pick up the “fiery crucible” nature of this incredible nebula."
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"What we have here is an angle on the nebula different from the others we have seen, processed with aesthetic care and a scientific eye. What Nilay couldn’t know – or control – is that the MicroObservatory telescope was not pointing properly when it took this image for him, showing not the center of the Carina Nebula, but one wispy edge. This, in turn, makes this image much harder to process, as the sources of light are not as bright. Despite this, Nilay has managed to control the scaling and contrast in such a way that we can clearly see the large dust formations, and even make out a lot of the smaller structure on this nebula’s edge. With a true scientist’s mind, Nilay has gone on to pick out groups of stars that may share properties. A truly unique view of the Carina Nebula!"
"Sanjith calls this image: The Amazing Nebula, and Sanjith really brings that to life with their choices in processing this image. The choice to set the lower brightness limit to a higher number creates a dark and mysterious look to the final image where only the region around Eta Carinae shines through with added texture."
"I really liked the artistic choices that Sarah made when making this image, including the contrast between the red and blue colors. The cavities in the center of the Carina nebula are transformed into the ventricles of a red anatomical heart. I think this is a great metaphor for the complex, interconnected nature of this star forming region."
"This Shelburne Summer Camp Young Girls Group submission expertly includes data from two ground-based facilities, MicroObservatory and NOIRLab’s Curtis Schmidt Telescope. The choice of using the “Cool” color scheme for the Schmidt telescope allows for a wonderful comparison between these two telescopes."
Zooming in on the Carina by Shivi M.
"Shivi’s contribution highlights the power of observing with different telescopes. I really appreciate how Eta Carinae is shown in context with the larger Carina Nebula across many wavelengths of light – from the zoomed-in Carnegie/Magellan near-IR image of Eta Carinae to the Hubble ultraviolet image, which are highlighted in the broader views of the Carina Nebula by Spitzer and the MicroObservatory Telescope."
"Shva has created a truly fantastical image of the Carina Nebula with both MicroObservatory and Chandra data. The creative use of color and contrast not only showcases the inner structures of the nebula, but also gives a fiery yet playful feel to the image. Letting the imagination run wild, one can almost see the hot gases of the nebula coming together to create the image of an alien, almond-shaped eyes staring and arms stretching out towards us."
"A study in contrasts. The wispy clouds contrast strongly against the sharp yellow dots of the stars. In addition, the clumpy star clusters in the lower left contrast against the more diffuse stars on the right side of the image. The color scheme makes it all pop."
"The color palette and orientation that Tom chose for this image is very striking and effective. The composition of the image allows Eta car to be the region of main focus and the complementary color palette makes for a very nice contrast. I also appreciate how Tom managed to hide the “bleed” caused by a saturated detector; eliminating any distraction from the viewer."
"Adam, as you probably noticed when working with the MicroObservatory data, there can be a lot of noise and small distortions of the stars in among the image data. I appreciate that you kept this in mind when processing the image and chose a stretch and color palette that helps to mitigate those issues in your composition. Nicely done."
"I enjoyed viewing Aditi’s image composition. The three colors make the image interesting, especially for the fainter stars, which is a nice effect. Aditi is correct that this image shows more of the surrounding environment around M87 when compared to the larger Very Large Telescopes image from AstroPix. I think the larger field of view provides more context. Nice work Aditi!"
"Amal, I can see in your processing of the MicroObservatory image that you have really strived for a neutral, true color look not unlike that of the Hubble image in your comparison. This can be difficult with MObs data given the noise issues, but I can clearly see the faint halo of M87, with a very nice gradual drop off in light intensity. This can be difficult to achieve as it requires a delicate touch with the stretch of the image but you've done well with it here. Nice work!"
"Dinky's use of the the regions tool to draw attention to high and low background regions provides good visual direction. While M87 has a fairly smooth density profile, sometimes other elliptical galaxies show shells of stars as well, which are a result of past collisions. The rings that Dinky used here remind me of those shells."
"Duarte, I am drawn in by both your color choice and your composition in this image. I really like that you took the time to create a zoomed pullout of M87 overlaid on your image. This is something we often do in our professional image processing workflow to help draw attention to a specific part of the image. The choice of this particular color mapping really draws attention to the bright features of the image. Well done."
"Francisco’s image is very soothing to the eye because of the pixelated smoothing tool that was applied. M87 looks different and larger than the other features in this image composition, which tells us that it isn’t a point-like star. In image processing, the user decides which details to highlight. Francisco notes that this choice doesn’t show as much detail at the Hubble image, but that’s OK. Like any type of art, the artist makes the decisions. Nice work!"
"I appreciate Josselyn's choice of using a log stretch and applying the inferno color palette to the data. These choices make M87 pop out as the focal point of the image. It also accentuates the foreground stars and separates them from the darkness of space."
"Julissa has struck a nice balance in this image, bringing out the extended glow of the galaxy as much as possible. The color palette highlights this structure, and also lets us see some of the atmospheric glow that is so often present in ground-based observations."
"Mahdi does an outstanding job of capturing M87's spherical shape. The image beautifully highlights the changing stellar density of M87, and the blackness of the surrounding space puts this galaxy in a larger cosmic perspective. Well done Mahdi, very intriguing image you have created here."
"I find this image of M87 by Maylin truly fascinating. The way the light from M87, other stars in the field, and even noise from the detector, combine with Maylin's image processing choices create something that is truly unique. This is a great example of how the choices made by the image processor can draw the eye to different, yet real, structures in an image."
"Melia has presented a very tranquil view of a rather active galaxy. With the myriad blues and creams displaying a sky full of stars in the foreground, and the softly glowing M87 drawing our eyes to the background, this image makes me reflect on how gazing upon these fiery cosmic objects can bring us so much peace. Truly a beautiful and thought-provoking work of art!"
"Skylar adopted a workflow similar to a typical researcher’s efforts, making use of the available adjustments to pull out the features of interest. In this case Skylar clearly highlights the extended structure of the galaxy, then chooses a color scheme that helps us see the halo of stars."
"Swapnil's image does a good job of showing how much larger M87 is on the sky than are the stars. The stars are displayed as single pixels, whereas the M87 is a comparatively complex object with substantive detail. The highly pixellated look also reminds me of retro video games from the 80's."
"Tyler has chosen a visually appealing way to apply color to the dataset, with an emphasis that nicely brings out the extended glow of the galaxy. In this rendering we can also see how the glow of the sky affects the frame, highlighting the kinds of challenges astronomers face looking through the atmosphere to observe the distant universe."
"Varsha has created quite a vivid image of the expanses of space surrounding the M87 galaxy. The galaxy itself shines supremeon this stage, while a few fainter sources glow in accompaniment. The purple-orange color and the speckled texture combine to truly reflect a beautiful yet 'Bizarre Wilderness.' A very well chosen title for this piece."
"Yang has very creatively merged several NASA datasets with his own MicroObservatory image of M87. Amidst a seemingly calm sky full of stars, M87 commands our attention in all its multiwavelength glory – infrared, X-ray, and radio light highlighting its swirling gas and explosive jet. While this is quite a cool image in itself, I'd also love to see what this looks like when zoomed in on the galaxy!"
"Aaliyah has come up with a playful way of highlighting features in the M82 galaxy. The color map you chose helps highlight the dust features in the disk of the galaxy. Using Aaliyah's approach of rendering the background blue gives the composition a pleasing artistic flair."
"Aidan was inspired by the color scheme used in a NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory image of M82. By using this color scheme, Aidan contrasts the emptiness of space in red with the colorful starburst galaxy M82 and foreground stars in shades of green, yellow, and orange. This is a truly unique representation of M82 that does an excellent job of bringing out the density of cosmic objects in this MicroObservatory view."
"The title of this image, “Dancing in the wind”, gives the viewer some insights into the image processor’s mind. Alexandra played around with the control settings until the image displayed the dimmest and brightest parts of the image at once. The end result makes you stop to take a closer look. It looks like a very old photo or like there are dancing waves of light across the screen. The poetic nature of the image title was mirrored in Alexandra’s comparison of this image to a NASA image, which is that this bright galaxy has a place in the larger universe."
"Billy's image made me smile the moment I saw it. The inverted colormap really makes the galaxy pop, and the pixelated look makes it feel like a galaxy in a vintage video game. It's fascinating to see how all the major details are still preserved, despite the stylization - we can easily pick out the bright stars and the dip in brightness at the center of the galaxy. Quite a fun image combining detail and whimsy!"
"Processing astronomical data is akin to telling a story, albeit a heavily visual story (typically) grounded in scientific research. So I enjoyed the story that Chris communicated, both with the MicroObservatory image he created, but also with how he described the “why’s” behind those choices. Experimenting with what can be shown, and why - and then communicating it effectively - is one of the keys to producing excellent results."
"A key aspect of astrophotography is capturing light. Daniel clearly picked up on this concept and used it to his full advantage by combining several observations of M82 rather than a single dataset. Doing so allows you to build a stronger signal and lower the amount of noise in your image. Daniel, you applied your understanding of the starburst nature of M82 to your processing to allow you to emphasize the strong blue component of this galaxy...a keen insight for an astrophotographer, well done!"
"I like the way Dhairya added an enlargement of M82 to make the galaxy stand out more, visually. It really lets the viewer see more of the detail in the galaxy's bright structure where the star formation is happening. If you wanted, Dhairya, you could add color by including multiple filters to help this structure pop out even more!"
"I appreciate the artistry that Eberhard brought into this image with his creative combination of Luminance with his RGB layers. The color mapping was also chosen in a way that makes the galaxy M82 really stand out in color from the foreground stars around it."
"Ella’s creation really stood out for me, both for its creativity in its visual presentation, but also in its description for why those choices were made (a critical component of processing scientific data is transparency on those choices). Ella’s unique presentation of this data set takes the user all the way back to the bones of how our astronomical data is collected and processed, and which is represented by a series of intentional choices here, while also moving the viewer forward to a more artistic representation. I thoroughly enjoyed the visual and Ella's discussion of relating the pixels, the art, and the science!"
"Harper's creation is truly unique, which I find even more remarkable given that the standard RGB colors were used to create it. What I like about this image is that it shows the variety of ways one can create an image starting with the same data. Here, there is a treatment of the data in the central portion of the submission that is quite different than the treatment around the edges where M82 is shown zoomed in. Harper was inspired by the look of old film and the juxtaposition of using new technology while creating something that looks like it was from the past. I think that level of detail was achieved; the image has a certain grainy quality that does remind me of pictures taken a long time ago."
"The unique look of Ji Yoon’s image might seem deceptively simple at first, but look again. A series of detailed and intentional choices were made to both capture the science of interest to the creator, and also to help communicate that information using a specific visual language. I both understood contextually, and appreciated aesthetically, the strong connection being made between the retro and the “high-tech”, between the pixels and the information, between the science and the art. Well done Ji Yoon!"
"This image is intriguing because it looks very different than what you would expect of an optical image. By choosing an inverted color map, Maryann’s image displays the brightest areas in black, which is clearly at the center of the galaxy. This image also highlights the cigar-like shape of M82, which shows up in NASA images too. Maryann’s control settings do a nice job of showing the galaxy light, which decreases outwards from the center of the galaxy, and the individual stars in the field too."
"I was really impressed with Robert's submission just on face value, but was equally impressed with his explanation of the choices he made when processing the image. It was very perceptive of you, Robert, to take a different approach to setting the minimum pixel value so that the galaxy has a natural fall off of brightness from its bright core to the faint edges. Finding this delicate balance of intensity and color is one of the biggest challenges in astrophotography and you've handled it well."
"Tamariya's rendition of M82 stands out to me as an example of meticulous image processing. Combining a multicolored filter with carefully-considered contrast levels really brings out the changes in brightness within each object - we can make out the bright center of the galaxy surrounded by dimmer bands of light, ultimately fading into the green gradient of the background. A beautiful image showing a lot of detail!"
"Tiffany, you have done an excellent job of bringing out the rich structure in the bright disk of stars. Your careful choice of image levels prevents any of the features in the galaxy from getting blown out, and really brings out the intense glow of the brightest area next to the intervening dust lane. Your chosen color map does bring out the warm glow of stars, and the variations of color nicely enhance the contrasts through the galaxy’s disk."
"Venkatakrishnan's portrayal of M82 shows a beautiful use of contrast and filters. Keeping the color scheme simple while raising the contrast shows off each source of light without going into too many details - the contrast levels are just enough to pick out the diffuse nature of the galaxy, compared to the dots of stars in the foreground. It makes me think of one of the major steps in data processing for wide-sky astronomical surveys - we must pick out the position and size of each source of light first, before we look any further into their characteristics. Finally, the emboss effect really adds an artistic touch, making the image feel like a sparkling mural etched onto a wall."
"The NASA image that Adriana chose clearly illustrates the importance of observing the universe in multiple wavelengths. The NRAO radio data open a new window into the spiral structure of M51. Adriana's processing choices show a keen insight into exploring the universe through color. Although limited to the visible wavelength filters of MicroObservatory, she opted for a higher signal red image rather than a color image to more closely approximate the look of the radio data. Her choice of the Firesky filter further reinforces these decisions and presents the familiar Whirlpool Galaxy in a unique light that invites the viewer to more closely inspect features of this galaxy pair that could be taken for granted in a more traditional imaging approach."
"Taking an image without a filter, as Alec has done here, maximizes the amount of light coming in, and makes it easier to show some fine detail at the outskirts of the galaxy compared to using a single filter. Alec's image here does a great job of scaling the exposure to bring out those fainter details."
"Alireza’s rendering makes excellent use of the MicroObservatory data, bringing out the faint details with a logarithmic scale that would be lost using other options. The visual similarity achieved in comparison to the WISE image (taken in infrared light) demonstrates that many options are available to a visualizer for representing a single dataset, giving a lot of creative freedom in how to portray data."
"Claire has done a wonderful job blending observations through various filters, keeping the clarity and focus of the image intact. This requires careful calibration and processing of each individual image, which she evidently has done. The inverted colors allow our eyes to pick up the subtle lighter regions between the spiral arms, and beautifully emphasize the thread of gas and dust connecting the two galaxies; they also give M51 a pleasant - and quite summery! - fresh new look."
"I like Darin's choice of the bright blue color palette, especially against the inky-black background in the MicroObservatory image. The same color palette in the WISE image lets you compare differences, such as the strength of the spiral arms compared to the core, between the visible-light MicroObservatory image and the infrared-light WISE image without being too distracted by superficial color choices."
"Dona selected an ideal color scale to capture the full range of detail in this single observation of the Whirlpool Galaxy. The subtle details in the spiral arms stand out with good contrast against dark purple background, and the high contrast between the arms and the galaxy centers are easily appreciated at a glance in this lovely representation."
"Eric has done a great job of bringing out the exquisite detail in this single band of data. Nothing has been lost in this image: the sharp peaks in the bright galaxy centers, the detailed structures in the spiral arms and discs, and even the faint halo of disrupted stars around the upper component, seen only in the deepest exposures. He obviously has been very careful with his choice of scale and brightness, and selected a color scale that brings out the features simply and elegantly."
"Mando's representation of the Whirlpool Galaxy and its companion does a wonderful job of separating out the younger stars in the outskirts (purple) with the older stars in the centers of the galaxies (red). The color combination also adheres to the conventions that astronomers typically use, bluer colors for shorter wavelength light and redder colors for longer wavelength light."
"Maryann's processing choices here immediately jumped out at me as unique and striking among the entries. The inverted color map changes the whole dynamic of the image and inspires a deeper connection to the spiral structure of M51. It also clearly highlights the interaction between M51 and the companion galaxy NGC 5195. The noise level in MicroObservatory data can be difficult to deal with, especially with an inverted color map, but Maryann's post-processing choices of noise reduction and sharpening really cleaned up the image."
"Michelle's image stood out for me aesthetically - it's quite unique-looking, not only with the color selection (and I am a big fan of purple myself) but particularly with the "solarization" effect. However, once I read her description of why she chose to process the data this way and what it meant to her, I was completely charmed all over again. Her poetic yet scientifically based descriptions get the viewer/reader to the point that such image processing can take you to when successfully done - a lovely meeting of the science and the art, the dark and the light, the known and the unknown."
"Mooneesah's work is a striking rendition of M51. Through careful image processing and control of contrast and brightness limits, Mooneesah not only shows the clear curves of the spiral arms, but also makes a distinction between the inner cores and outer spirals of the galaxies. Despite being limited to the visible wavelengths observable by MicroObservatory, the choice of color scheme is a nod to the presence of hot blue stars in the spiral arms - stars which are highly prominent at higher frequencies, especially the ultraviolet range. Truly a glowing and thought-provoking image!"
"I like that Pawan was inspired by the color palette of the Chandra image in creating the MicroObservatory image of M51. The stretch and composition of Pawan's image are powerful as you can clearly see much of the spiral arm structure of M51 here. I would like to see a stretch that recovers a bit more of the bright core, which is slightly saturated here, but that is a fundamental challenge of processing images with such a large dynamic range between bright and dark regions."
"I enjoyed Rachel's image of M51 aesthetically at my first glance, but as is often the case in astronomy (and elsewhere), my enjoyment increased greatly after I read her detailed and thoughtful discussion of why she made her specific choices in processing this data (an aspect of image processing that is not perhaps talked about enough). M51, the first spiral galaxy to be classified as such, is a popular deep sky target for astrophotographers and astrophysicists alike, and you can certainly see why when you view both her image and the Chandra/Hubble comparison image -- and I completely admit a bias to X-rays! Rachel did an excellent job of meticulously approaching her galactic subject with a desire to tell a particular science story, and that really shines through."
"Risha's image of M51 was very striking, and quite different from all of the other submissions. Her resulting visual representation really gets at the heart of the spiral galaxy interacting with its close companion - and is also a fantastic demonstration of just how much an individual image processor's choices can make on a data set (her descriptions of why she made those choices is also quite beautiful). Finally, the image at first glance looked to me like it was composed of bits (or, a stream of 1's and 0's), and such binary code actually does underlie all of our digital images of the Universe; there was a poetic simplicity in that resemblance."
"Xinyi's choices in color offers a serene view of the Whirlpool Galaxy together with its companion, while also highlighting the higher density of stars within the centers of each of the two galaxies."
"Ainsley really did a nice job of drawing out the extent of the nebula. Comparing this to an image of the Moon would show just how big this object is in our skies, but unseen by most night sky enthusiasts!"
"What I like about this one is that the Annie played with the colors to make things pop out - 'most contrast' - without trying to replicate the usual look of this nebula. Perhaps the result of Pop Art influences? Warhol and Hockney? ;)"
"I really like how Claire has left the green and blue-filtered images offset from the red-filtered image of the Lagoon. Her composition emphasizes the fact that the Lagoon emits mostly in the reddish light of glowing hydrogen gas. Eye-catching!"
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
"Props for including a scale bar, and for exploring the scientific meaning of the colors in images taken of this nebula."
"Much discussion on how Ivan created this image! Consensus is this RGB combination included two frames that missed the target. The green frame captured the Nebula low in the field of view, but the red and blue frames capture the star field above instead of the Nebula itself. This leaves an image of the faint northern reaches of the Lagoon Nebula complex!"
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
"Pointillism! Georges Seurat would be proud of Jesus’s use of artistic license to display scientific data! This image is really unique amongst astrophotography: it is a one-of-a-kind artistic interpretation of the Lagoon Nebula that still manages to convey a sense of where the stars are and where the gas and dust is."
"Kinia has done a great job using the log scaling tool to bring out the very dim extended regions of this nebula. The image also really highlights the dark dust lane that wraps below the bright central region."
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
"This may be one of the more interesting examples of processing. The colors and shapes that this brings to mind are like a giant space brain."
"This shows both the color change in different regions of the nebula which are a result of different ionization states of the elements in the clouds, and a dark cold dust lane cutting across the nebula. I see the hint of green in the nebula just above the dark divide. It’s a very technically-challenging 3 color image, well done Rachel!"
MicroObservatory ChallengeNASA Challenge
NASA Data
Challenge
Choose from past seasons of the NASA Data Challenge below.
See standout entries for the MicroObservatory Challenge
The Great Eruption in the Constellation of Carina by Adam J.
Spitzer
"Adam, your creative choices in this image help draw the viewer in and provide them with a strong sense for the dynamics present in this image. The contrast between the visible and IR add to that sense and highlight the interplay of the gas and dust present in the Carina Nebula."
The magestic purple by Alan C.
Curtis Schmidt
" Alan has taken a subtle approach to processing the NOIRLab image of the environment around Eta Carina in the Carina Nebula. This treatment of the data helps to emphasize Eta Car’s contributions to the appearance of the nebula, showing delicate shells of gas with a forboding dark cloud framing the whole image."
Allison's Carina Nebula by Allison R.
Spitzer & Curtis Schmidt & Chandra
"Allison has created abeautiful and vibrantdreamscape full of intrigue. The color choices help each data set to pop, which encourages the viewer to explore every facet of the image. The composition of the image also helps drive the viewers eye left to right towards eta car generating a very nice sense of movement."
The Colorful Explosion by Anika J.
Carnegie/Magellan & Hubble & Chandra
"Terrific display, Anika! The animated gif was an excellent choice to showcase the multiwavelength features of this stellar explosion. I feel like I’m staring into a cosmic lava lamp."
Unravel by Aniya J.
Carnegie/Magellan & Chandra
"I really appreciate Aniya’s insights into how this image was processed. There is just so much data here, but the processing choices help to give each wavelength of light its own chance to shine while also creating a cohesiveand richly colorful image."
Space Carina by Ann J.
Spitzer
"Ann has created a vividly striking presentation of the infrared light structure of the Carina Nebula. The color palette utilizes two complementary colors, blues for the shorter wavelenghts, and reds for the longer, in a way that really helps us see some of the hot gas in this region as hazy blue clouds offset slightly from the red rendering of the dust. The artistic choice of aggressive, high contrast presentations of the data help create a sense of the powerful, violent processes that shape this nebula."
Violet Violence by Christina D.
Spitzer & Hubble
"The magenta hues of Eta Car’s Homunculus Nebula pull it into the foreground. The orange and blue for the ultraviolet and Hydrogen Alpha make it feel like the nebula has just puffed out a breath. The Spitzer image provides a subtle background composite that helps the feature object stand out"
Beyond Sight by Danielle H.
Chandra
"The color palette you chose really highlights all of theindividual starsin the image! By selecting fewer colors, you were really able to bring outsome of thefiner details! Well done!"
The Galaxian Tree by David R.
Spitzer
"This image beautifully conveys the explosive nature of this region. The colors used are dramatic. The details of the dust and gas filaments are clearly seen, such that one can trace these structures and add to our understanding of the complex dynamics of the nebula. The stars appear at just the right intensity in color to see their positions in the nebular structure."
Disha's Carina Nebula by Disha K.
Spitzer
"This image provides an excellent representation of the structure of the Carina Nebula region. By balancing the colors and opacities, faint details of the dust and gas structure are clearly seen. The stars do not overwhelm the filamentary dust lanes, providing a balanced image with great detail for study of the origin of these intricate structures."
Heart of Darkness by Elizabeth P.
Curtis Schmidt
"This image processing focuses on one of the signature features of the Carina Nebula, and pushes it to the extreme. The marked contrast between very bright star-forming regions and the dark dust lanes always provides a sense of drama. Here, with the dust lanes pushed to black, the clouds appear to be floating, fieryand adrift."
GISH Team Celestial Cupcakes item 3 by Ellen K.
Spitzer
"This image showcases the infrared light of the Carina Nebula beautifully. The scaling and contrast highlight the many crags and cliffs of dust, helping our eyes follow the formations. I find the color choice especially interesting –though this is outer space, it makes me think of an undersea wonderland where the dust clouds of the nebula are undersea plants billowing in the ocean of space, and Eta Carinae is the Sun, shining through."
Boom by Erick S.A.
Chandra
"Erick’s visualization of the data is very effective at clearly showing the brightessregions within the field which show up as blue encased with a vivid red. I also enjoy how Erick’s presentation of the data gives viewers a look under the hood of how theseimages are made as you can see the individual observations that were stitched together tomake up this larger mosaic."
The magnificence of Eta carinae by Fabiana M.
Spitzer & MicroObservatory & Hubble(inset)
"This is a great use of an inset image Fabiana! The composite brings the complexity of the Carina and Eta Carinae on display and the colorful display unveils the interplay of hidden clouds and stars."
Hooman's Eta Car by Hooman T.
Hubble
"The chosen scaling does a good job of showing both the faint features around the nebula and the very bright parts at the same time, while the color choice makes it feel like an explosion!"
Jacy's Carina Nebula by Jacy F.
Chandra & Spitzer
"This image showsa nice blending of two differing wavelength regions. The orange infrared gas plays off the purple x-ray emission in a composed manner. Also, the pinprick infrared stars contrast against the larger and somewhat blobby x-ray sources to highlight the dual perspective."
R, G, and a little bit of B by Joshua L.
Chandra & Spitzer
"I like how this image shows the complementary nature of the X-ray and infrared wavelengths. The green from the low-energy X-rays stands out, shining brightly in places wherethe red from near-infrared is dark. The new star clusters in the center shine as cyan points from their X-ray brightness."
The Lavender Sky by Joy K.
Chandra & Spitzer
"Joy has developed a novel approach to combine x-ray and infrared data to create a uniquely “lavender” view of the Carina Nebula. The infrared data are rendered in a way to put the greatest focus on the stars themselves, rather than the dust, leaving the x-ray data to provide a view into the hottest clouds of gas surrounding the star Eta Carina. The cool palette provides an almost serene and relaxing view of this complex region. The eye more easily pics out the clusters of stars that are so often harder to see in other images emphasizing the bright nebula."
Distant Warmth by Julia S.
Chandra & Spitzer
"This is a really interesting take on the idea of perceiving “warmth” in the Carina nebula. Julia mapped the glow of dust as seen in the near-infrared, along with the glow of hot, shocked gas as seen in low energy X-rays, to the yellow, red and purple tones we associate with hot, glowing objects here on Earth. This is both an artistic and scientific representation of the invisible, energetic processes that shape the nebula."
Violet Willow by Layla V.
Chandra & Spitzer
"The colors you used in this image really do remind me of Violet Willow and the clouds of gas and dust even resemble her jacket! Bravo for using art you enjoy to direct your work!"
Beautiful Drama by Liz H.
Carnegie Magellan & Hubble
"The image is excellent in showing the fine detail and structure of the nebula. By limiting the image to only 2 wavelengths, the edge of the nebula is very sharp and the morphology of the nebula is highlighted. The hot regions near eta Carina itself are beautifully highlighted in yellow, tracing the activity."
Lucas's Eta Car by Lucas N.
Hubble
"The animated GIF adds a dynamic element that reflects the Great Eruption that created the Homunculus Nebula. The warm color scheme furthers the idea of an energetic expansionof gas and dust."
A Dreamer’s Sky by Molly T.
Spitzer & Curtis Schmidt & Chandra
"Molly, you have definitely achieved a fantasy vibe. The vibrant stretch and choice of colors used in your image transports the viewer to the perspective of the gas and dust as they are bathed in ionizing light of the stars."
Four in One by Paul Anton M.
Carnegie/Magellan & Hubble & Chandra
"There is a wealth of scientific information in the presentation of this image. Thoughtful use of colors to represent temperature regimes is combined with scaling thatdetails the structure of the nebula. The region around eta Carina itself is represented dramatically in the image, allowing visualization of the explosive central object and its effect on the nebula and surrounding gas."
Paul's Eta Car by Paul G.
Chandra & Spitzer
"This is a unique combination of data, placing the Carina Nebula into a context I don’t think I’ve seen before. Paul’s color choices here allow the viewer to compare and contrast X-ray and Infrared light in an interesting way, and gives the imagea sense of depth and dimension."
Saanika's Carina Nebula Spitzer by Saanika S.V.
Spitzer
"Saanika has created a splendid rendering of the beautiful clouds of dust in the Carina nebula. The choice of contrast and bias have brought out the most in this image, and by choosing warm, complementary colors, the datasets blend smoothly into a composition that is as attractive as it is scientifically meaningful."
Infinity in Blue by Shari M.
Chandra & Spitzer
"Hauntingly beautiful yet surprisingly calming! The subtle blue wisps of the Spitzer images in contrast with the yellow-orange X-ray sources creates a captivating view and spurs my imagination. There is magic in this image, great work Shari!"
I'm a Survivor by Shivi M.
Chandra & Spitzer & Hubble
"This contribution by Shivi is an interesting artistic choice to showcase Eta Carinae, much larger than true-size, over the background of the broader Carina Nebula. This provides a window into what the wide field views and the narrow field views can see in one visual interpretation."
Shades of pink of the Carina Nebula by Shweta N.
Chandra & Spitzer & Carnegie/Magellan
"The contrasting colors you chose define the edgesof the thick gas clouds very nicely! The colors also bring out details in the image that would otherwise be hard to see with human eyes. Great job!"
Blinding Carina by Simone J.
Chandra & Spitzer & Carnegie/Magellan
"Awesome work using different wavelengths of light! The colors you picked and the techniques you applied really emphasize many of the interesting features in the image and make them easier to explore!"
The Wonderous Carina Nebula by Tharuk K.
Chandra & Spitzer
"This is perhaps the most beautiful image of the Carina Nebula I have ever seen. The colors and scaling have produced an image that appears 3-dimensional, clearly showing the individual dust clouds and thedust edges where the very hot stars have carved out hot gas bubbles in the cooler dust. The scientific content of this image is important for understanding the interstellar environment of these stars."
Spaceduck by Tina H.
Hubble
"It can be really tricky to show both bright and faint features of an object in a single image. I think Tina does a great job here of showing the whole dynamic range, from the thin streaks in the gas that surround the Homunculus nebula to the bright, central stars. Tina was also able to use color, from blues in the outer part of the nebula to reds in the center, to separate the faint and bright areas."
Akshita's M87 Galaxy by Akshita G.
Spitzer & VLA
"What a strikingly beautiful image of M87, Akshita! By combining radio and infrared views, you really emphasize the interaction between the supermassive black hole’s enormous jet and the galaxy. The color palette you used brings out the details from the radio image and gives the galaxy a flower-like appearance."
Multi-87 by Alan S.
Chandra & Hubble & VLA
"Alan has created a gorgeous multiwavelength representation of M87. The use of color and contrast truly make this a unique image, especially with the "ringed" look of the starlight as it diffuses from the center of the galaxy. The jet's gleaming white gives it a sense of motion and energy, making it seem like it's about to shoot out of the screen. Superimposing the radio allows us to see how the movement of hot gases fuels the jet, and how the jet in turn sets the gases into motion. A wonderful combination of beauty and scientific thought!"
Neon Hole by Alexander G.
Hubble
"Alexander's creative use of a variety of tools available in JS9-4L led to a very colorful Hubble image of M87. I am really drawn to the watermelon colors. I also appreciate the choice to invert the brightness scale such that the places with the most light appear as black. By doing this, Alexander is able to draw my attention to the core of M87 and the knots in the jet emanating from the supermassive black hole."
Sky Turtle Swallowed Earth by Angela C.
VLA
"I love the creativity of this one, Angela! It's really unique, and it stands out among all the entries for how it finds undiscovered artistic meaning when the display of the data is tweaked to just the right settings. I had never yet looked at M87's jets and thought "turtle", but now I always will. The turtle even has a little eye!"
Cosmic Heart by Ankur S.
Hubble & VLA
"Ankur’s blend of visible light/Hubble and radio light/VLA data manages to create an image with exquisite colors that fully captures the structures of scientific interest within the M87 galaxy. The glow of starlight, peaking at the galaxy’s center is assigned a color map that blends harmoniously with the blue-tinged radio data, combining in a way that makes the brightest stream of material coming from the galaxy’s center really pop."
Baby Bird by Annabel M.
VLA
"I absolutely love this treatment of the VLA radio data of M87 by Annabel. This image captures the dynamic nature of the jet coming from the supermassive black hole and the jet's broader impacts on the gas of M87. It almost looks alive!"
Arnob's M87 Galaxy by Arnob S.
Hubble & VLA
"The contrasting and complementary aspects of M87 in visible and radio light come across strongly in Arnob’s image. The smooth green circular visible glow provides a striking background for the blue wispy radio clouds. The powerful white jet, seen in both wavelengths, provides a radial crossover connecting the outer regions to the supermassive black hole powerhouse in the core."
Radiation Expansion from a Tiny Singularity by Benjamin L.
Chandra & Hubble & Spitzer & VLA
"Benjamin’s image presents the multi-wavelength cacophony that underlies much of modern astronomy. The colorful composition reflects the variety of physics that emerge from this active galaxy and the interconnected insights that inform us about its nature."
Over 99% the Speed of Light by Brian F.
Chandra & Hubble
"Brian, multiwavelength imagery has the potential to reveal so much more than meets the eye, and your image is a perfect example of that. In optical light, the core of M87 as seen by Hubble is a mostly uniform glow, with the exception of the jet. When we look in X-ray light, we see so much fascinating structure caused by the interaction of that jet with the surrounding material in the core of M87. I am impressed with your color choice here, particularly your decision to leave the Hubble data in grayscale. You clearly see the value in allowing the structure of the Hubble data to show through while using color to accentuate the X-ray light. Very well done."
M87 Phases by Brittany B.
Hubble & Spitzer & VLA
"Wow! Just wow! Brittany, your choice of combining eight images into one animation is inventive and bold. My only suggestion would be to maintain the exact same orientation throughout the sequence, but otherwise this is really fascinating. I am particularly struck by the way the radio data is presented in the middle frames of the animation. Your choice of blending the color in difference mode is unique, and it allows for the structure of the radio data to really shine through. Very nice work."
Galactic Light Saber by Dewey C.
Chandra
"I love this color scheme, Dewey. You did a great job setting the image up to really show all the different kinds of structures in a galaxy like M87. The jet is very bright, but you also get a sense of the surrounding hot gas and the ‘pockets’ within it, blown out by the jet activity. And you are exactly correct about the difference in the X-ray spectrum between jet (higher-energy X-rays) and the surroundings (lower-energy X-rays)."
Subhanallah by Fatemeh K.
Hubble & Spitzer & VLA
"I love the title of this one! It basically translates to "praise be to God" (and is usually used when something is extremely beautiful or touching). I love that it shows how Fatemeh has really been affected by the beauty of M87 (and possibly the beauty of the science?) and is connecting to it in an emotional way :)"
Günay Cemaliye by Hasret B. B.
Chandra & Spitzer
"I enjoyed reading Hasret’s thoughtful and intentional choices for the color and title of this image. The 'purple Kauai' X-ray light pops through the 'pink Maui' infrared light beautifully, like a celestial sunset. The color choices allow the viewer to see some differences in the entire image, like the more structured X-ray emission. It’s a lovely image with a touching tribute to a family member."
Peacock Feather by Jasneet B.
Hubble
"I really like this view of M87, Jasneet. I like that you’ve zoomed in on the inner synchrotron jet, and adjusted the contrast to really pick up all that faint gas structure. You’re right that even with the amazing resolving power of telescopes like Hubble and Spitzer, these structures are so far away that the images can look ‘pixelated’. The Event Horizon telescope, on the other hand, is indeed a super-telescope — it can resolve (i.e. 'zoom in') almost 1000 times more than Hubble."
Gaseous Nature of M87 by Vishaal K. P.
Chandra & Hubble & Spitzer & VLA
"Hi Vishaal, this is a wonderful combined image with an almost psychedelic colour scheme. It really looks like a piece of abstract art but it’s actually real! The scale is saturated to emphasise the large-scale structure rather than the internal wispiness of the jets and surrounding gas, and makes clear just how enormous the jets are compared to the galaxy, which is crazy when you think about it. Multi-wavelength images like this are crucial for our understanding of galaxies hosting an Active Galactic Nucleus like M87, because the energy in the galaxy (with a black hole around a billion times more powerful than our sun!) is mostly coming out in wavelengths our eyes cannot see."
White Hole by Lev B.
Chandra & Spitzer
"I particularly enjoy the broad perspective combined with specific detail of Lev’s image. The infrared captures both the core emissions of M87, as well as the galaxies that appear in the outer parts. The X-ray light fills in the hot gas that permeates the cluster of galaxies and connects the overall structure of the system."
The Energetic Center of M87 by Maria K.
Chandra & Spitzer & VLA
"Maria’s image composition of M87 in three types of light really provides you with a glimpse of everything going on in that galaxy. I enjoyed reading about Maria’s intentional choices on which telescope images to use, the desire to include images of the jet aswell as an image that adds a nice background. The zoomed-in view allows me to focus on all the interesting pieces too. Nice image Maria!"
Marius's M87 Galaxy by Marius O.
Chandra & Spitzer & VLA
"Marius has done a great job of displaying the scale and dynamics of M87. Combining radio, optical, and X-ray light, this image clearly shows how the jet streams out of the dense stellar core, stretching to the outer reaches of the galaxy. The fiery color choice contrasts with the peaceful starry background, and fits well with the energetic nature of M87, making it easy to imagine the movement of the hot gas swirling around, agitated by the jet. A beautiful image full of action!"
Divine M87 by Neha A.
Hubble & VLA
"Neha, this is a great interpretation of M87, using real radio and visible light images to create an artistic representation of the galaxy. By creatively using color, enhancing the contrast, and using the emboss tool, you created a more abstract image of the galaxy, which still retains some important ideas about the nature of the object. We get a sense of the movement of the gas, the boldness of the jet, and a feeling of weight towards the center of the galaxy and the supermassive black hole at its core."
Searching for Black Holes by Oneli N.
Hubble
"Oneli’s image of M87 really pops! It has a style that evokes a target with the center of the galaxy as the intensely luminous bull's eye. The jet of emission stands out like a dart piercing to the very core of the galaxy and the supermassive black hole that lies deep inside."
Owen's M87 Galaxy by Owen P.
Hubble & Spitzer & VLA
"Owen has combined three different kinds of light to display M87 in all of its aesthetic and scientific glory. The clever color choices allow us to see the various facets of this galaxy visible in each wavelength: starlight glows orange, seemingly cradled by the blue cloud of swirling gas and dust set aflutter by the reddish jet piercing through the image. Truly a beautiful representation, and one which displays so much of the exciting action going on!"
Lightning Flash by Priyanko D.
Hubble & VLA
"There are some very interesting stylistic choices in Priyanko's image. Choosing to keep the optical and radio in the same color palette makes the galaxy itself difficult to scrutinize, but it adds myriad background galaxies that are visible in the optical and not the radio, so that it looks like sparks around the radio image. It's a neat and unique aesthetic that makes an attractive final image."
Rajdeep's M87 Galaxy by Rajdeep B.
Hubble & VLA
"Rajdeep, this is an interesting and colorful take on M87. By choosing contrasting color palettes for the radio and visible light images, you help separate the smooth gradient of starlight in the visible view, from the somewhat chaotic interactions between the jet and the gas in the radio view. You used the “warm” color map for the radio image, which is a great choice. The 'firesky' colormap on the visible light image tricks our eyes into seeing a ring structure in the galaxy. This is very intriguing artistically, but you could also try other colormaps with the visible light that capture the true gradual transition from bright to dark."
Blue Ocean in Space by Riddhi G.
Spitzer & VLA & MicroObservatory
"Riddhi has found a delightful way to render the glow of starlight in the galaxy with blue against the red tones of the jet of material streaming out of its center. The posterization bands used for the starlight is both artistically appealing, but also helps to highlight the smooth distribution of light from the stars, as it is broken up into nearly uniform concentric circles."
Rob's M87 Galaxy by Rob G.
Hubble
"Hi Rob, this is a really nice image highlighting the huge jets launched by the black hole. You’re clearly a perfectionist when it comes to the details, like fixing the pixelation of the stars, which is really nicely done! I was struck by your choice to orient the image so the jets are pointing down, I was wondering if that was intentional? Also your choice to emphasise (distort?) the halo to give it that rim, together with the jet orientation gives the image the look of a ‘flare effect’ in digital art program. Also, your idea for a darkside lunar observatory would be super cool, since we wouldn’t have light pollution or a pesky atmosphere to distort our images!"
Captured by NASA by Rogers M.
Chandra & Spitzer & VLA
"I am very interested in the process Rogers used to create this image of M87. I really like the use of color, and the structure of the information here is both interesting and complicated. Rogers did an excellent job of emphasizing the variations in brightness to pull out the complex structures seen in this image."
M87 in Distinct Lights by Shaza A.
Chandra & Spitzer & VLA
"This is a great multi-wavelength image, Shaza! You did a great job balancing the radio and X-rays so they both show up well. Sometimes we use a different color range for different wavelengths to help see them better, but in this case the X-rays are really coming from such a different location (mostly bright at the center, and a diffuse glow further out) that I think your selections here work great."
Shekhar's M87 Galaxy by Shekhar C.
Hubble
"Shekhar’s choice to use the firesky color palette to focus on the jet worked well here. The composition really accentuates the jet, as well as the amazing details along the jet. To me, the different colors also invite you to ask “Why are some parts red, yellow, or blue?” It weaves some tantalizing questions into the image that make you want to learn more about M87. Nice job Shekhar!"
M87 FIRE by Simran K.
Chandra
"Hi Simran, I really love the fiery colour scheme you used that matches the millions of degree temperatures! Your choice of dynamic range nicely highlights all the complicated structure in the larger scale system, illustrating how the central black hole (the one we made a direct image of with EHT!) has been pushing around the cluster gas on enormous scales via its jets and winds. On the left side, one bubble lines up with the current jet direction, but there's another bubble below that doesn’t. Could this be a sign that the jets changed direction in the past?"
Foggy M87 by Sonali S.
Hubble & VLA
"Sonali, this is a haunting rendition of these data, unlike any I've seen before. The tight crop draws your eye to the core of the galaxy and the overlapping features of the jet in optical and radio. Although you cannot really see the counter-jet in these data, the faint wisps of blue on the left side hint at its presence. Your color choices work very well aesthetically and scientifically. The classic combination of warm and cool colors is pleasing to the eye while evoking the hot core of the galaxy giving way to cool stillness of intergalactic space. One suggestion: you may want to revisit the alignment of the images: it looks like the radio data is zoomed in by about twice the optical."
Galactic Drama by Urvi K.
Chandra & Spitzer
"Urvi, you made some really great choices when processing this image. The contrast between the yellow jet at the center, and the purple and blue outer areas give the image some depth. This creates the feeling that the supermassive black hole and its jet sits within a 3-dimensional structure of hot gas and bubbles. I think you successfully captured the 'galactic drama'."
Chandra M87 by Vedika A.
Chandra
"Vedika has found an elegant way to display the X-ray structure of M87 with a customized color palette. By assigning different colors to two versions of the dataset, each displayed with different contrast settings, we see a pleasing blend of color highlighting the brightest areas in orange tones, blending into darker magenta features in the outskirts. This really brings so much more interest to this dataset than if it had merely been displayed as a greyscale image."
Galaxy Wonder by Agnes
Hubble & Chandra
"I like how Agnes's composite Chandra–Hubble image enhances the hot outflow seen with Chandra against the background of the stellar light emission from Hubble. One aspect I might recommend tinkering with is the brightness of image. The darkness of the image is very interesting stylistically, and the nuclear region is clearly visible, but Agnes could try stretching the intensity scale, to enhance the various low surface brightness features."
Blue Fire by Alireza
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Jaw-droppingly beautiful! Alireza has chosen six Hubble, Chandra, Spitzer and GALEX images of M82 to layer into this spectacular composite. The wavelength choices here are inspired, revealing the majesty of M82 in a way I haven’t seen before. You should be really proud of this work, Alireza!"
Alyssa's M82 Galaxy by Alyssa
Hubble
"Alyssa’s processed Hubble image of M82 clearly shows the starlight and the dust in this star-bursting galaxy. The warm color here reminds me of a fireplace, except it glows with starlight and blocked by dust! In this image, the viewer can see the dimmer and brighter parts of the galaxy at the same time. Alyssa had a nice method of putting all the control settings to a lower value and increased them until you see this nice image."
Nap Time by Andrew H.
Chandra
"How nice that Andrew's image focuses on the Chandra data! The image shows well the nuclear outflow and hot clouds in the escaping gas. One can also see that the emission is absorbed by the nuclear dust lanes in the center. The bright X-ray binaries in M82 also show up as points of light. Andrew says that this image reminds him of a man smoking a cigar, which follows a rich tradition of seeing familiar images in objects in the sky, from the face of the Moon to the constellations."
All Lights by Arturo Q.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Arturo has used images across a wide wavelength range to highlight M82’s young stars and starburst winds. Arturo's blending of optical and UV images in the disk really brings out the gas and star clusters, and the huge outflow shows up beautifully in this composite image."
Messier 82 by Brandon P.
Hubble & Spitzer
"Brandon has chosen to illuminate M82 in the optical and the near-infrared. This combination of wavelengths well-highlights the contrast between the well-ordered rotating disk of stars in the optical, and the chaotic outburst of hydrogen gas driven by the violent central star formation. It also paints thick dust lanes in the stellar disk as a psychedelic purple, a clear contrast to the background stars. The color balancing gives a very professional, classic finish to this image."
Brenden's M82 Galaxy by Brenden O.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Brenden's processing of M82 caught my eye among the many entries built from the NASA datasets. The data are combined in an unfamiliar way which produced a very striking result. It is not easy to fit so much information into a single, meaningful image, but this image really captures the ferocity of the starburst regions of M82."
The Optical by Camille
Hubble
"Camille’s choice of optical and natural filters beautifully highlight the dark dust lanes draped across the face of M82. Images in these wavelengths hint at, but do not directly show, the violent starburst taking place hidden behind the layers of dust. For further experimentation, I would suggest including a light sprinkling of ultraviolet filters from GALEX: this will add more highlight to the bright, blue young stars, and provide a greater contrast in the dust lanes, which more effectively block ultraviolet light."
Starburst (The 82nd Flavor) by Chloe
Hubble & Spitzer
"Chloe’s combination of optical and mid-infrared images beautifully bring out the sites of star formation in the disk of M82 and the detailed structure of gas and dust. The color schemes Chloe chose are an artistic way to show off M82’s fiery starburst!"
M82 in Warmth by Debendra B.
Chandra
"This is lovely work from Debendra! One of the great challenges in the display of astronomical images is something we call “dynamic range”. The starburst-driven outflow of gas from M82 is (relatively) very bright near the center of the galaxy, called the nucleus, and becomes thousands of times fainter at larger distances from the galaxy’s disk. This can pose a challenge when trying to display the very bright and very faint regions of the outflow in the same image, but Debendra did fantastic work in adjusting the so-called “color stretch” of the image to maximize dynamic range. Fantastic work, Debendra - and great choice on a color map!"
Wonders of Space by Eddie P.
Hubble & Spitzer & GALEX
"By combining images from across the electromagnetic spectrum, Eddie has built a piercing image showing the heart of M82. M82’s center is a hundred times brighter than the center of our own Milky Way but is typically hidden by dark, thick lanes of cosmic dust: by moving to the infrared, Eddie has effectively removed this dust to reveal the mysterious center. The mid-infrared also nicely highlights the hydrogen gas filaments blown out of M82 during the violent process of star formation; by adjusting the color scheme and stretch, these beautiful features might be made to pop even further."
The Blossoming of M82 by Emily
Chandra
"Beautiful! M82 really does look like a flower when viewed in X-rays, and Emily’s display of this Chandra image data, both from an artistic angle as well as a scientific depiction of M82's great X-ray energy, perfectly captures that. Well done Emily!"
The Fire Storm 2.0 by Ethan
Hubble
"'The Fire Storm 2.0' indeed! The logarithmic scale chosen by Ethan has produced an optical image of M82 that really highlights the low-luminosity fuzzy outer reaches of the galaxy. A classic problem in studying galaxies is defining a clear boundary between the rich, starry features of a galaxy and the empty intergalactic void; Ethan’s processing brings this problem into sharp relief by emphasizing the irregular tendrils of stars reaching into the surrounding space. It also hints at, but does not directly show, the violent star formation taking place in the center of the galaxy. A beautiful and unique submission!"
Violet Ultraviolet: A Beautiful Mess by Grace
GALEX
"Grace has made a well-reasoned choice of colors to represent the ultraviolet light coming from M82 and the result is wonderfully dramatic. What color do you give something that is technically out of the range of detection for the human eye? This is an issue that astronomers struggle with all the time when making images and there is no easy answer. Grace’s choice of color and a slight artistic filtering (speckling of the background) enhances the main properties of the ultraviolet emission from M82."
Hannah's M82 Galaxy by Hannah
Hubble & GALEX
"Hannah has gone bright and bold. There are two related aspects of this image that I find striking. The first is the use of bright yellow for the Hubble optical image which made me look at M82 in a fresh way. It reminded me of the simple fact that all the light we see coming from this galaxy originates in stars like the one we see everyday so close to us - the Sun. A connection that is good to keep in mind. The second aspect is the use of a similar yellow color used for the ultraviolet which promotes a seamless flow from the galaxy’s main body to its wind. This reinforces the connection between the stars in the disk which produce and power the outflow of dust and gas away from the disk."
SHC - M82 by Huseyin A.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra
"The result of Huseyin's combination of Spitzer, Hubble and Chandra images is a vibrant depiction of the M82 galaxy that enhances the low surface brightness features both of the stellar emission and of the frothy nuclear outflow. The use of the Spitzer data gives particular visibility to the nuclear emission, which is obscured in the optical (Hubble) and X-ray (Chandra) because of the high dust content of this region. Intriguingly, the color scales for the different wavelengths chosen by Huseyin blend the parts into similar hues of purple. The overall effect is visually impressive, but more color diversity between components could allow for differentiating between stellar emission and hot outflow."
M82 in UV & X-ray by Judy S.
Chandra & GALEX
"Judy has used the ultraviolet and X-ray imaging to create a stunning portrait of M82. The scaling and use of only the high energy bands has rendered the main disk of M83 faint and ghost-like and the result emphasizes how the powerful supernova explosions in the central starburst of the galaxy, which is dominated by the X-ray, is connected to the outflow of material traced in both the ultraviolet and the X-ray. An excellent job of highlighting the dynamic aspect of this galaxy."
Deep Blue by Juliano B.
Hubble & Spitzer
"The color choices Juliano assigned to this multi-wavelength composite are really visually striking. The GALEX ultraviolet image and Spitzer infrared image both highlight the strong outward gas flows, while Hubble's optical image shows the stars of the galaxy. They all seem to come together in the starburst at the center of the galaxy that is driving the outflows."
Katherine's M82 Galaxy by Katherine L.
Hubble
"Katherine’s image scaling and color combination reveal the complex mixture of stars, gas, and dust of M82. The color combination truly stands out in this image. The stellar disk glows red hot in the Hubble optical image with dramatic dark dust lanes interlaced. The optical disks then morphs into the ultraviolet cocoon of blue-violet. Excellent detail visible throughout this image. The result is an almost 3-D effect!"
Kaviyasri's M82 Galaxy by Kaviyasri
Hubble & Chandra
"Kaviyasri's image of M82 beautifully mingles the galaxy's optical cigar shape, shown in a cool blue, with a fiery red representation of the burst of hot gas seen in X-rays. The choice of colors, combined with artful control of contrast and smoothing, really makes the galaxy stand out, emphasizing both its quiet and violently active regions. Quite an aesthetically pleasing and thought-provoking image! (On a side note - I've noticed that a number of submissions combined MicroObservatory data with NASA images. A cool thing to do would be to match up the scale and positions of both types of images, and use different colors for each layer. One could compare details in their own MicroObservatory image with those in an official NASA image - perhaps something to tinker with on JS9 on a rainy day?)"
Multiwavelength Image of Messier 82 by Kushaal K. P.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Kushaal did a lovely job of incorporating so much data into a single image. This is a challenging thing to accomplish, particularly without overwhelming any single data set, so Kushaal’s result is a great work to study. The power of multiwavelength cooperation really shines through!"
Luminous M82 by Nick A.
Spitzer
"Nick, you have done a splendid job of highlighting two of the key features in this galaxy: the stellar disk, and the dusty outflow. By choosing the Hubble/Spitzer bands you did for blue/green you have clearly brought out the starlight in recognizable blue tones, using bands that emphasize the full collection of stars (redder/infrared light sees through the less dense dust clouds so obvious in images that just use visible light). The red tones for the dust bring out a ghostly sense of the incredible activity going on in the center. Nicely done!"
Your Lungs Are Overjoyed That This Monster Is 12 Million LY's Away by Nienna
Hubble
"Nienna’s composition of the Hubble optical image really bring out the starburst nature of M82. The central disk is full of young stars, which shine brightly in this high contrast image. I love how the contrast that Nienna created has brought out the intricate filaments of gas and dust in the outskirts of the disk and around the outflow."
Superwind in Red by Nino G.
Hubble & Chandra & GALEX
"Nino has produced a spectacular high contrast image. The choice of red for the X-ray and grayscale for the optical+ultraviolet makes an image that truly highlights the galaxy’s dramatic wind. Although I do not make out much of the ultraviolet image in the grayscale portion, that does not take away from the powerful effect of the high color contrast. Anyone looking at this image would want to know what is going here! Igniting someone’s curiosity helps convey the science behind the image. This image does that."
Raspberry Juice by Olha Y.
Hubble
"Olha’s title "Raspberry Juice" is a great description of this fantastic raspberry-colored inverted image. By inverting the colors, Olha has brought out beautiful details in the gas and dust around the edge of the disk, and shows how dust is obscuring the starlight in the center of the galaxy."
Frost Sky by Ricky
Hubble
"Ricky's use of Hubble data of M82 brings to mind something ethereal and spooky. I liked the use of the "frost" filter in JS9-4L, and the atmosphere created by the blue that wraps around the galaxy. The green color really highlights the energetic central region of the galaxy and the shadows of the dust superimposed on the image hint at the turmoil hiding inside of the heart of M82."
A Roaring Radiance by Santoshi
Hubble & Spitzer
"Santoshi’s blend of near-infrared and optical light nicely highlights the filamentary structure of the dust lanes in M82. The logarithmic scaling particularly highlights the ghostly outer edges of M82. The attention to detail, in the form of careful blending and scaling choices, brings out features in M82 across a wide range of physical scales without washing out too much detail. For a further challenge, I might suggest zooming in to maximize the alignment of the pointing, field of view, and orientation when combining images, while choosing the stretch and color scheme so as to still emphasize the realistic foreground stars."
The Mysterious M82 by Shivi M.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra
"One of my favorite aspects of astronomical image display is that it so beautifully can lend itself to aesthetic abstraction while retaining its scientific value. Shivi’s image perfectly captures this - and the color choices provide a wonderful contrast between the three smartly chosen wavelength bands. Lovely work!"
Dusty Galaxy by Sophie A.
Spitzer & Chandra
"With this near-infrared and X-ray composite image, Sophie conveys a warm and glowing view of the M82 galaxy. The focus is on the nuclear region, where intense star formation produces the strong infrared emission. From this nucleus emerges the escaping hot gas seen by Chandra. The choice of white for the X-ray emission is effective in connecting this outflow to the nuclear ‘cauldron’."
Stephanie's M82 Galaxy by Stephanie Y.
Hubble & Chandra
"This is an impressive combination of Hubble and Chandra images. Stephanie has managed to provide a high-resolution image of the stellar component of M82 and the embedded dust lanes, together with a detailed depiction of the outflowing hot gas. I particularly like the transparency of the hot gas component, and the choice of colors to differentiate between optical stellar emission and hot X-ray gas. The result is both visually impressive and scientifically meaningful."
Messier 82: Infrared/Optical/X-ray by Sytse B.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra
"Spectacular work, Sytse! You’ve done a really fabulous job of combining images from three of NASA’s Great Observatories (Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra). The so-called energetic feedback processes at work in M82 - driven by this recent burst of star formation - leave very different signatures across the many phases (temperatures) of gas present in the galaxy. Your highly multiwavelength composite beautifully captures the most important of these signatures. This is fantastic work."
Glowing M82 by Uma N.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Uma has combined images across the electromagnetic spectrum to produce this vibrant image of M82. The disk is glowing with stars, gas and dust, and the outflows are clearly seen. By using all the challenge images Uma has revealed how much bigger M82 is than it looks in only optical light."
Finding Active Stellar Nurseries by Adriana B.
Spitzer & Chandra
"Adriana's image of the Whirlpool Galaxy does an excellent job of highlighting two extremes. In blue, we see high-energy X-ray emission from around neutron stars, black holes, and hot gas around star-forming regions and supernovae. In yellow/brown, we see dust as probed by infrared light. The dust clearly follows the spiral arms and is the very material where new stars will form. I also appreciate that Adriana used the convention that astronomers use to highlight higher energies with bluer colors and lower energies with redder colors. By doing this, we can get an understanding of where the most extreme objects reside within the Whirlpool with just a glance."
Galxy lDrago by Aiden A.
Hubble & GALEX
"This artistic image of M51 almost seems like an airbrush painting. Aiden combined Hubble and GALEX data in a unique way. While the pink colored GALEX image is dominating, showing the extended regions where young, massive stars are forming, one can discern the millions of stars that we would see with our own eyes, captured by Hubble, through the pink. A beautiful combination - especially for pink lovers! :)"
The Hubble Galaxy by Alana L.
Hubble
"Alana’s image of the Whirlpool Galaxy really focuses one’s attention on the very interesting central region of the galaxy, and the bright nucleus, where there is a supermassive black hole lurking. I love the way her color choice also shows off the dark, delicate dust lanes and feathers along and between the spiral arms."
The Invisible Whirlpool Galaxy by Alice Y.
Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Alice had the fantastic idea to make the invisible visible by combining data from three NASA space observatories: Spitzer, Chandra and GALEX. Interestingly she inverted the original color scheme, so infrared light, usually shown as red, is depicted as green here while the shorter wavelength UV light is shown in magenta, instead of blue. This color scheme definitely shows a different view of the galaxy than what astronomers are ‘used’ to. A possible next step might be to expand the crop of the image a little more to highlight the small companion galaxy interacting with M51 at the end of the spiral arm to the north, which is invisible in the GALEX image, but can be seen in the Spitzer data (here green)."
The Glory of Whirlpool by Amirreza K.
Hubble
"Amirreza clearly has a knack for astronomical data and image processing tools, and this image shows it well. This is an expertly processed Hubble image of M51 using a stretch that preserves that faintest details in the spiral arms (and even background galaxies!) while also showing structure all the way down into the bright core...no easy feat! The color balance in the brightest parts of the image looks to have a bit of a green cast to my eye, and could benefit by a slight color curves adjustment - but otherwise this image rivals many official releases in processing quality."
Warm Color of Whirlpool by Benedict N.
Spitzer
"This is a classic rendering of the “dust glow” of M51, most reminiscent of the type of data and visualizations we worked with in the early days! It really takes me back to a time when we were digging deeper into specific regions of M51 by collecting and analyzing additional data with Spitzer’s other instruments. That big egg-shaped “bubble” blown in the Northern arm, which your image really emphasizes well, was a particular surprise. While to us it looked completely devoid of stars and gas, the Hubble image revealed that it wasn’t empty at all, but held many very small pockets of star formation, likely the result of a massive group of supernova blasts from long ago emptying and then re-seeding that region with new stars."
Chandra Whirlpool by Bhavani S.
Chandra
"Bhavani's image is a beautiful rendition of the Whirlpool Galaxy in X-ray, and shows evidence of carefully-considered post-processing. The contrast lets the bright sources - neutron stars and black holes - stand out. The well-chosen color scheme makes sure that the fainter cloudy spiral structure also shines forth. Well thought out, and very pleasing to the eyes."
Multi-wavelength View of Whirlpool Galaxy by Bipradeep S.
Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Bipradeep has artfully combined three different wavelengths to create a particularly fascinating view of M51. Excluding the optical view, which most multi-wavelength astrophysical images feature, he highlights the "invisible" parts of the galaxies - this shows everything about this object that our eyes can't see, and that's really cool! The contrasting colors really bring out the differences between the various bands - the spindly arcs of IR, the clumpy spirals of UV, and the clouds and specs of X-ray. I particularly like that the color-coding is scientifically logical - more energetic wavelengths are represented by more energetic colors. Truly a unique creation!"
Claire's Whirlpool Galaxy by Claire C.
Hubble
"Claire’s image does a great job of emphasizing the detail that is present in each filter: from the old stars and dust in the center of the galaxy, to the dark dust lanes, to the many bright point-like massive stars and clusters throughout the image. I also love the way she played with the contrast so that we can see the ‘edge’ of the Whirlpool’s disk."
Whirlpool Arms by Claudio H.
Hubble
"Claudio has done an exceptional job of balancing the colors in this image to highlight the most scientifically interesting features: the swirling dark dust lanes that define the spiral arms, and the bright point-like sources of light, which are the massive stars and clusters of stars inhabiting the galaxy. I also love the detail his image reveals all the way into the heart of the Whirlpool."
Deemanth's Whirlpool Galaxy by Deemanth R.
Hubble
"This is a really fun view of the companion galaxy to the Whirlpool, and one I haven’t quite seen before. Deemanth’s image nicely highlights the different regions of the galaxy, starting from the inner bulge, to the disk, and the usually unnoticed diffuse halo of this galaxy. A bit more of a stretch, and the beautiful globular star clusters around this galaxy would be even more noticeable. An idea for next steps, Deemanth - but you have a very nice image here already!"
M51 Composite by Esteban P.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Esteban’s image beautifully portrays a wide swath of the electromagnetic spectrum, with the subtle and complex color variations capturing the many light-generating processes in this galaxy. The rendering does an excellent job of showing the extreme brightness contrasts between the inner and outer regions without losing the faint details or overexposing the centers. The ruddy red of the dust lanes (from Spitzer) are easy to see as offset from the bright ultraviolet of the young stars (from GALEX)."
Bloody Dusty Arms by Hosein H.
Hubble & Spitzer
"This is a beautiful rendition, and in fact bears a striking resemblance to the one professionally produced at Space Telescope hanging in the hallway of my office. What I like about this version is it really emphasizes the red-pink glow of what we call “HII regions” — the ionized bubbles of super-heated gas around hot young stars, as well as the faint dust lanes which connect the major spiral arms like spokes on a wheel. I hope you made a large version, because this one is highly print worthy!"
The Hubble Galaxy by Jason J. & Jahloni G.
Hubble
"The dust lanes and spiral arms in Jason and Jahloni's image stand out really clearly, tracing the new star formation in the galaxy. Changing the balance between red, green, and blue filters could lead to a more "natural" look here, but the emerald green color really makes the image as a whole stand out visually."
Juliano's Whirlpool Galaxy by Juliano B.
Hubble & Spitzer
"What’s interesting about this image is that it emphasizes the asymmetries induced by M51b (the blue guy at the top) on the outer disk of M51a through their mutual interactions. In a few tens of millions of years this merging pair will really start to converge. This version also brings out the “spokes” of dust which connect individual spiral arms, visible both as “shadows” in the blue light of Hubble and red glowing features in the Spitzer data. Interestingly, M51b would appear quite red and faint if looked at with human eyes, but when emphasizing infrared wavelengths of light such as in the Spitzer image, it’s not unusual for “red stars” to be coded as blue!"
Still Spinning by Justin M.
Spitzer
"This looks very interesting. It actually has the look of typical radio images, with line contours marking the regions of low and high surface brightness (analogous to contours on a topographic map). It’s also clear from this image that this pair of galaxies is having an impact on each other — the “ragged” structure of dust emission on the South side (bottom) of the galaxy in this view really emphasizes this."
The Aura of Mystery by Kimberly C.
Hubble & Chandra
"Kimberly's creation here is truly unique. The blending of Hubble visible-light data with Chandra X-ray data has been done before, but the color combinations, brightness, and contrast settings lend a mysterious sense to the image. Here, the spiral arms are barely visible, but their presence is certainly noticeable. They wind, with an ethereal nature, around the bright center of the Whirlpool where the density of stars are very high and the presence of the supermassive black hole lets itself be known by the sheer magnitude of X-ray photons."
Invisible Made Visible by Laura P.
Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"Laura's image tastefully combines various observations of M51 to answer an intriguing question: what would this galaxy look like if our eyes were sensitive to wavelengths outside the optical range? Leaving out the optical data - an uncommon move when creating multiwavelength astronomical images - she provides a fresh view of the galaxy, highlighting the usually "invisible" features. The blue UV and red IR combine beautifully to outline the various structures making up the spiral arms, and the contrasting green X-ray highlights the sprinkling of high-energy sources. Truly a fascinating composition - an image that is beautiful both visually and conceptually!"
Hubble's Eyepiece #1 by Leonardo C.
Hubble
"This is a beautiful composite image of the Whirlpool Galaxy using Hubble data, and it showcases how a simple change in the color palette can make one see an object in a whole new way. This rendering really highlights the details in the centers of the Whirlpool and its companion galaxy to the 'north' of the image. Nice work Leonardo!"
Chandra Darbri by Lorena H.
Chandra
"Lorena's image shows a wonderfully-stylized view of M51. The high contrast allows the ultra-luminous X-ray sources to shine, literally and figuratively. While the neutron stars and black holes glow, the surrounding diffuse light from the hot gas permeating the galaxy is much fainter, but just visible enough to convey a hint of the deeper complexities of the galaxy."
Through the Whirlpool Galaxy by Niclaus A.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"As this is one of my absolute favorite multiwavelength data sets, seeing Niclaus tackle four kinds of light (optical, infrared, X-ray and UV) from these NASA telescopes in this way was a real pleasure. It can be tricky to balance so much data, but I think he did an excellent job of assigning a lovely color scheme that lets this spiral galaxy just sparkle. I particularly like how the central region is not blown out by all the competing information/colors - that is very hard to do!"
Ice Tornado by Nikilesh Kumar S.
Hubble
"Nikilesh's blue light image of the Whirlpool is very pretty, and emphasizes the location of the stars and clusters. Nice job! As a suggestion for what you could do next here: adding an image with another color would further enhance some of the interesting features of this iconic galaxy."
Whirlpool's Harmony by Nino G.
Hubble & Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"The beauty of Nino's image lies not only in the gorgeous blend of colors, but also in the thought that went into what each color represents. We can clearly pick out black holes and neutron stars, star-forming regions, star clusters, and dust clouds, and see how they are all interacting with each other, all through a pleasing color palette. A wonderful example of how to combine image and data processing skills, scientific representation, and art - I'd love to see a version of this that includes the whole galaxy and its companion!"
June by Prachi S.
GALEX
"A beautiful image really showcasing the name of the Whirlpool Galaxy, a massive whirl in blue waters! But in reality Prachi managed to highlight very well the hot young stars in this ultraviolet image taken by NASA’s GALEX space telescope. The processing employs subtle changes in brightness and contrast to bring out the features of this image. Good job Prachi!"
Shalika's Whirlpool by Shalika B.
Hubble
"I love the way that Shalika’s color selection emphasizes the structure of massive stars, which can be seen as the bright points of light, in the Whirlpool Galaxy. Her image also shows off a less recognized feature: the old, faint backbone of low mass stars that are in an extended disk."
Analysing the Whirlpool by Shivi M.
Spitzer & Chandra & GALEX
"What a colorful way to highlight the different regions of this galaxy! Shivi did an excellent job combing all three wavelengths data from NASA’s space observatories (Spitzer, Chandra and GALEX) in this image, color coding them. This allows Shivi to distinguish the old stars and dust regions glowing in longer wavelengths and being detected by Spitzer from the young, massive stars in light blue, detected by GALEX. Compared to the GALEX-only image, here we can see the nucleus of the companion galaxy at the end of the spiral arm to the north in red. The center of M51 is neither blue nor red nor black (here Chandra) as it emits in all wavelengths. Well done, and a very nice explanation with your image Shivi!"
Spitzer by Shruti by Shruti S.
Spitzer
"This is a very interesting rendering of the Spitzer data. There are a number of astronomical image analysis tools that do something related to emboss. These tools for connected structure and edges. They try to bring out the faintest areas of the galaxy, typically between its spiral arms, to help understand how the gas and dust is physically structured, into sheets, voids, filaments and tendrils. A classic color choice as well. And a nice look at the nucleus, which contains a supermassive black hole being (weakly) fed by gas and dust. While the black hole is much too small to be visible in this image, your view really brings out the ring of star formation where all the spiral arms converge at the center of the galaxy. This ring is where some material starts its journey down onto the black hole."
Sophie's Whirlpool Galaxy by Sophie A.
Spitzer & Chandra
"Sophie's contribution is very interesting because of the color choices used. In this image, energetic X-rays are given a red color and the cooler infrared light is given a blue color. This is the opposite of the usual convention of assigning bluer colors to higher-energy light. By switching conventions, Sophie has allowed for a unique look at this famous galaxy where pockets of high-energy in the red accentuate the spiral nature of the galaxy outlined in blue from less energetic infrared light."
Explore Whirlpool Galaxy by Thanmathi V.
Hubble
"The scaling that Thanmathi chose for this image does a great job of showing off the spiral arms and the dust lanes inside them. The blue filter helps highlight those spiral arms, since bright new blue stars are being made there. The color scheme chosen is also quite visually engaging!"
Ultraviolet Galaxy Cells by Viraj A.
GALEX
"Such an artistic, and yet very scientific perspective of M51 as seen by GALEX. Viraj’s image shows a selected area of the galaxy, and his decision to scale the image and to chose this particular color map enables a high contrast showing contoured areas. This illustrates the patchiness of the areas where hot young stars are forming. It also highlights how areas of high concentration are connected by filaments in the spiral arms. Well done Viraj!"
My Hourglass by Amparo R.
Hubble
"Amparo delivers a wonderful, artistic take on the Lagoon Nebula using Hubble imagery. I love how ominous the Lagoon looks in this image. In the description submitted with the image, I like that Amparo calls attention to the fact that processing an image like this seems to make the object take shape, or life, even from light years away."
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
Annie's Lagoon Nebula by Annie L.
Hubble
"I like how Annie used the Invert Colormap tool. She points out that it enhances the contrast by making the brightest areas appear dark and the dimmest (i.e. low pixel value) areas appear bright. It's much easier with this color scheme to identify the individual stars (purple point sources) in the image. Visually stunning!"
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
Lagoon of Light by Jacqueline P.
Hubble
"I love the color selection in Jacqueline's image. It really dramatizes the difference in brightness between the central region that is lit up by some stars and the dark cocoon of gas and dust surrounding that area."
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
Hi Guy Lazy Eye by Kenny O.
Spitzer
"NASA's infrared-sensing Spitzer Space Telescope can detect many stars of the Lagoon Nebula, because interstellar dust and gas is transparent to infrared wavelengths. It's nice to see the Spitzer data isolated, and your appropriate colormap choice really highlights these stars and the glowing dust in the central region! Well done Kenny."
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
Dusty Lagoon Nebula by Leonardo S.
Hubble
"Leonardo created a great color-balance of the three different wavelength images from Hubble to produce a very evocative image with a mysterious mood! A more aggressive stretch would bring the white point up a bit, but this stretch does give it that moody appearance."
Nikhil's Lagoon Nebula by Nikhil S.
Hubble & Chandra
"Nikhil’s image captures the power of space-based multi-wavelength astronomy. Nice job using advanced tools to combine all three visible-wavelength images from Hubble, and then to blend in the Chandra X-ray data. The Chandra data reveals massive stars in the central region of the nebula that aren’t visible to optical telescopes behind dust and gas."
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
Lagoon Ghost Nebula by Vaibhav B.
Chandra
"This is just cool. Vaibhav got the Chandra X-ray data to look quite nebulous in its own right. Aesthetically, I could see naming this region the ’Ram’s Head Nebula”! This image does a really nice job of showing both the clusters of hot young stars emitting x-rays in the central region, as well as the streams of diffuse super-heated gas."
NASA's Universe of Learning team ☆
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The season starts on .
After the season ends, we will review all submissions to NASA's Astrophoto Challenge, and will post standout entries on the Standout Entries page.
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What about past seasons?
You can still work with NASA data from past Challenges! Head to the Challenges Archive of JS9-4L, where you will find NASA image files among the Archived Images for all of the past seasons.
Want to see what others have done with image data? Check out highlighted entries from past Challenges on the Standout Entries page.
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